The

fact, a more or less complex solution of ammo- | based upon observation, and requires that the nia and trimethylamine, and consequently not a logarithm of the quantity of the electric charge chemically definable substance, but a mixture must diminish proportionally to the time. This of variable composition. Trimethylamine itself last theoretical result, supported as it is by the is most conveniently obtained from old herring observations of Coulomb and others, needs no brine by a chemical process (and also from sev- further consideration; but in support of the first eral other substances), and is open to the great three deductions the author submits a number objection of possessing a disagreeable odor, re- of special experiments and observations made by sembling that of putrid fish. The difficulty of himself on air and hydrogen. The apparatus obtaining it pure, and the disadvantage of its employed by him consisted essentially of a bellsmell, have suggested the employment of its glass filled with gas at any desired tension, and compounds, and the hydrochlorate has been pro- within which were two light gilded balls-one posed as eminently suited for all medicinal pur- fixed, the other movable. The latter was susposes. It is a fixed salt, composed of needle- pended from one end of a light horizontal bar, shaped crystals, without any odor excepting to which was fastened a magnetic needle, and all when in solution, and even then this is not very of which hung by a single fibre of silk. objectionable. It is very deliquescent, and acts gilded balls, being equally charged, repelled each like a caustic upon the skin. other to such a distance that the repulsive force was balanced by the magnetic movement of the needle. The latter afforded the convenient means of determining at any time the extent to which the balls had lost their electric charges. Rejecting all the observations in which a small error in observation could entail an appreciable effect upon the resulting coefficient of dissipation, and confining himself to the most accurate results, Boboulieff finds (1) that the dissipation in air diminishes with the diminution of pressure, and (2) that the dissipation in hydrogen is less than in the air at the same pressure. In some of these experiments the charge of the two gilded balls was maintained for eight or ten days, during which interval observations were regularly made upon them.

Dr. Dujardin-Beaumetz has treated some recent cases of articular rheumatism with this preparation instead of trimethylamine, and he finds it to be greatly preferable in every respect. The usual dose is from half a gram to a gram every twenty-four hours, taken in considerable dilution, a tea-spoonful at a time, from hour to hour. The effect upon a healthy individual is first seen in a depression of the pulse and of the temperature, this being decidedly marked in almost every instance. In one case the pulse was reduced in two hours from eighty-eight to seventy-six. It will of course be proper to decide by experiment how far this action upon the heart may be of service in certain diseases of that organ, and the extent to which its use may actually be allowed.

The testimony of those who have recently reported on this remedy is quite concurrent as to its specific action on articular rheumatism. In one instance a complete cure was said to have been obtained in two days after the administration of fifty centigrammes of the hydrochlorate.

THE DISSIPATION OF ELECTRICITY IN
GASES.

In a memoir by Boboulieff, in the Journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Societies, the author has ably discussed the question of the gradual dissipation of the electricity with which any insulated conductor may be charged. After giving in some detail the conflicting results arrived at by the most eminent experimenters, such as Coulomb, Matteuci, Dellmann, Charault, Warburg, Riess, Biot, and others, as to the dependence of the slow dispersion upon moisture, pressure, temperature, the nature of the gas, etc., Boboulieff then follows out the indications given by the modern dynamical theory of the constitution of gases. He shows that if electrical dissipation be due, as is commonly thought, to the successive transfer of minute quantities of electricity from the insolated body to the atoms of the surrounding gas, then the laws followed by this phenomenon may be deduced from the general principles established by Maxwell and Clausius, in their works on the constitution of gases, and that, according to these, we ought to have the following general laws: 1. The coefficient of dissipation is inversely proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature of the gas. 2. It is proportional to the pressure of the gas. 3. It depends on the nature of the gas. 4. The dissipation must follow Coulomb's law, which is

A NEW SPECTROSCOPE-MICROMETER.

Professor Rood, of New York, has devised a very convenient eye-piece micrometer for use in spectroscopic measurements. A thin, smooth, semicircular plate of silver is blackened by smoking it, the soot being attached by subsequent flowing with weak spirit varnish. On this dead black surface, and perpendicular to its diametral edge, lines 0.25 millimetre apart are ruled with a dividing engine, the numbers being afterward added. The opaque plate, thus prepared, is placed in the interior of a negative, or, preferably, in front of a positive eye-piece, so that it is in focus, and occupies nearly half the field. A lateral opening in the eye-piece, somewhat nearer the eye, admits the light necessary for illuminating the ruled lines. In general the diffused light of the room is sufficient for this purpose, but if not, a distant lamp conveniently placed accomplishes the same purpose. In this way a set of bright lines is seen in the field of view, more or less bright as the lateral opening is more or less shaded, which may be used with great satisfaction in fixing the position of lines in spectra given either by prisms or ruled plates.

BLOW-PIPE FURNACE.

A simple and convenient arrangement for the purpose of producing heat more than equal to the melting of cast iron by means of the gas blow-pipe consists of a furnace composed of two parts-an interior envelope and a movable covering. The latter, which completely surrounds the internal portion, rests upon a flange adapted to the outside and lower extremity of the interior envelope. Its walls are very thick, the better to

retain the heat, and upon its lower edge eight | sion of a draught may be created, although the air holes are symmetrically placed, to allow an outward passage to the heated gases. A knob or ring of iron at the top serves to remove and replace the covering. The crucible to be heated is held in the centre of the interior portion by a platinum support, which rests upon a small ledge. The source of heat (an ordinary gas blow-pipe) is arranged beneath so that the nozzle shall be only an inch or so below the inferior circular orifice; the flame will therefore circulate, in the first instance, round the crucible, then in the annular space between the interior envelope and the covering, and the products of combustion will finally pass out through the eight openings at the base. The progress of the heating may be noticed by holding a small mirror beneath. With a furnace arranged in this manner persons have succeeded in melting six hundred grains of cast iron in a small porcelain crucible in less than a quarter of an hour.

A NEW DOUBLE-IMAGE MICROMETER.

be perfectly calm, heat being simply given up to the colder object. Thus, while the temperature of a room may remain constant, different sensations may be experienced, dependent on the surrounding objects. A much larger amount of the superfluous heat is lost by evaporation; and during severe exercise, when more heat is developed, evaporation is also more rapid, and the normal temperature of the blood restored. A "cold" is caught when the evaporation is too rapid. But little heat is lost by conduction. The particles of air in contact with the body become warm, and are replaced by colder ones, creating a current, which is insensible, because of less velocity than three feet per second. In better conductors cooling takes place more rapidly, water of 61° seeming much colder than air of 61°. These three modes of cooling, however, supplement each other, and act together. Thus a current of warm air cools more rapidly than calm cooler air, not only by reason of renewal of the air, but by favoring evaporation.

The chief object of clothing is to surround the body artificially with a warm climate, poor conductors being consequently selected. The cooling process is, however, simply checked by the clothing. Even the thinnest, finest fabric, as a veil, diminishes loss by radiation. But the inclosure of air is especially effective, and conse

A proposition has been made to the Paris Academy of Science by a M. Noel, describing a proposed new form for the double-image micrometer, which seems to have some advantages over the divided object-glass and the divided ocular. Noel places within and near to the principal focus of the telescope a plane mirror, so adjusted that the image of the object to be meas-quently garments of porous heavy material are ured is formed at the side of the tube. The warmer than those which are more compact. mirror, however, is not of one piece, but is di- Felt shoes, permeable to air, are warmer than vided into two separate halves; the optical axis leather or India rubber ones, while the latter of the telescope and the line of bisection are in soon become unendurable because of checked the same plane, and perpendicular to this plane ventilation. The more hygroscopic the mateis an axis about which either (or one) of the rial, the colder the clothing, because it is a better mirrors may be revolved. The two images of conductor when moist. Linen and silk are for the object, as formed by the respective plane this reason colder than wool, and also because mirrors, may now be separated as in the double- the latter retains its elasticity when moist, and image micrometer, the degree of their separation keeps the air within its pores. And our bed, being equal to the angle included between the which is, in fact, our sleeping garment, is of spetwo planes. The advantages of Noel's construc-cial interest. It must be warmer than our waktion are (1) that the micrometer screw is replaceding clothing, since less heat is developed during by the divided circle, and (2) that the value of a sleep. Consequently loss of sleep is very exdivision of the divided circle may be easily altered hausting. The feather-bed possesses in the at will, and allows of attaining very great pre-highest degree feeble conducting power, elasticicision with comparatively little labor.

RELATION OF THE AIR TO CLOTHING AND
SOIL.

ty, and permeability to air; but, if too thick or soft, resembles more an air-tight garment. The house, too, may be regarded as an extended piece of clothing, so gradual is the transition from bodily garments to it (the step from the

The following statements of general interest are specially reliable, being contained in a lect-wide garment of the Arab to his felt tent being ure by Professor Pettenkofer, of Munich, who is a small one), and, in hygienic functions, they known as high authority on such subjects: Al- agree precisely in regulating our relations with though the warmth of the body is the result of the surrounding air. The ease with which a currespiration, it is a singular fact that the normal rent of air may be blown through a brick, pieces temperature of the blood of the African is the of mortar, wood, etc., by glass tubes cemented same as that of the Esquimau, or about 99°, to opposite sides, and the passage of water (so while the air surrounding them, and inhaled by much denser) through these substances, show them, may differ as much as 180° in tempera-how imperfectly our walls, of whatever material, ture; neither does this temperature vary, in a state of health, more than two degrees, though the temperature of the air may vary 72°. The heat generated by the human body in twentyfour hours is sufficient to raise thirty quarts of cold water to the boiling-point; and of this the regular processes of nutrition require only a definite part, and the larger portion must be given off through radiation, evaporation, or conduction. When heat is lost by radiation, as in sitting near a cold window, or other cold object, the impres

and however thick, exclude the air from us. We do not perceive the free passage of air through them because the current is too slow.

In providing ventilation for the hospital Lariboisière, in 1856, 700 cubic feet of fresh air per hour were considered insufficient for one person; and, at considerable expense, the apparatus was adapted to provide 1400 instead, with entirely unsatisfactory results, 2100 cubic feet being necessary for an adult, according to the investigations of the lecturer, and in hospitals much more,

count of its hygienic relations, than it has received. A careless neighbor can render the air of the soil impure as well as its water, and thus contribute to disease.

VEGETABLE PARCHMENT.

The employment of vegetable parchment seems capable of great expansion by adaptation of its character and price to different purposes; and it may be expected that increased consumption will cheapen its production and lead to still further uses. In many cases it already replaces waxed cloth, mole-skin, etc. As a water-proof wrapping it is serviceable in the form of envelopes for valuable papers, and for inclosing small samples, especially of moist colors and dyestuffs. It may also prove desirable for artificial flowers, if suitably colored. But attention is particularly called to its substitution for tin for boxes for packing aniline colors, it being far less expensive when manufactured from a cheap paper adapted to this use, and easily made into box-like pouches accurately fitted into light wooden boxes with smooth interiors, the parchment box lid being fastened by a tin hoop, and the wooden one nailed. Such boxes are not only perfectly tight, but not liable to be cracked or burst open by rough handling in carrying, as experience shows to occur with tin boxes.

even as high as 5250 feet. Such change of air may be effected by difference of temperature or mechanical currents, the extent being dependent upon the size of the openings, crevices of windows, doors, etc. Most exhaustive investigations made by Pettenkofer showed that with a difference of 34° between the external and internal air of a room of 1895 cubic feet capacity, the air was entirely renewed in one hour, and more rapidly with increased difference of temperature; but by carefully pasting up the crevices it can be reduced to one-third the amount. It is especially fortunate, therefore, for the poorer classes that rooms can not be made air-tight, since want of warmth is less injurious than continued breathing of vitiated air. A stove, under favorable circumstances, will introduce 3150 cubic feet of fresh air per hour. Furnishing fuel to the poor in winter is equivalent to furnishing fresh air as well. The results of investigations, by Merker and Schultze, of the air of stables were precisely similar to the preceding. The nature, especially the thickness, of the wall in all cases causes variation in the amount of fresh air; and it also appears that the air of small rooms with few inmates is purer than that of large rooms with many. Ventilation is often neglected because of its inseparable association in the minds of many with draught, while in reality it need only be the proper renewal of the ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION. air of closed rooms by currents of insensible velocity. A draught, on the other hand, is the cool- Schnetzler informs us that alcoholic fermentaing of a limited portion of the body, either by tion, with the evolution of gas, is caused by livstronger currents of air or by radiation, as to a ing cells of the fungus known as Saccharomyces, cold wall, for example, from which a cold cur- present in the ferment, and that there are cases rent of air then seems to reach the body. In in which other species of fungi, as Mucor, Asthe open air much stronger currents do not sug-pergillus, and Penicillium, present in the same gest a draught. Cooling but one side of the body liquid, produce the fermentation without evoludisturbs the functions of the vaso-motor nerves, tion of gas. not subject to our control, and they at once begin to act as if the whole body were cooled in- CHEAP SUBSTITUTE FOR DOUBLE WINDOWS. stead of but a part, and the decided change in It is suggested by Dr. Oidtmann, in a pamthe circulation of the blood becomes dangerous phlet on the care of health, simply to add a secby its suddenness, just as when a cold drink is ond set of panes of glass, set in an inner rabbet, taken. While the permeability of the earth to to a single sash, and thus inclose a stratum of dry water is generally noticed, the penetration of air air, about 0.2 to 0.4 of an inch thick. The excess to a great depth is overlooked, and also the fact of cost, it is said, will be more than covered by that this stratum of the aerial ocean has its slow the economy of fuel in winter; and at 90°, in insensible currents, just as that in the walls of summer, a room thus protected will remain nine buildings, in clothing, etc. A bird in a glass degrees cooler than when supplied with ordinary vessel closed with a layer of earth can live for windows. The plan is also advantageous for hours; a current of air can easily be blown hot-beds, etc. A good hard quality of glass, through a tube a yard long filled with earth, that does not become dull by decomposition, This air in the earth can be put in motion must be selected, especially for a southern exby differences of temperature as well as by cur-posure, since the interior faces can not be cleanrents of air. Thus the odor of gas has been found in houses without gas-pipes, and persons have been injured by it, the gas being drawn from very distant defective pipes in the winter by difference of temperature, since when the room was not heated the odor disappeared, and was found in an adjoining heated room. It seems, therefore, that the frozen earth was also penetrable to the gas. This movement of air in the soil renders animal life, though of a low type, possible at great depths; and to this life must be ascribed the excess of carbonic acid in the air of the soil, and, at times, its noxious properties. Accurate investigations show that the air in the soil of Dresden contains twice as much carbonic acid as that of Munich. This is a subject that demands more attention, on acVol. XLVII-No. 281.-50

etc.

ed. It is necessary also not only that the glass should be perfectly polished, and not be soiled in putting it in, but, since the air inclosed ought to be dry, the glazing should be done when the air is in the best condition in that respect. Ice crystals, of course, never form on such windows.

ARTIFICIAL HUMOUS SUBSTANCES.

One great difficulty experienced by Dr. Detmer in the investigation of humous bodies was in their preparation in a pure condition from natural sources; but while studying the wellknown action of sulphuric acid on cane-sugar he found that by boiling 3000 grains of sugar in 9000 grains of water and 900 grains of concentrated sulphuric acid, a considerable amount

of humous matter was formed, which gave re-sult of an examination of the principal subactions identical with those of natural humus; and also that, contrary to the views of Mulder, the brown substance obtained by boiling sugar only for a quarter of an hour in dilute sulphuric acid is identical in composition with the black obtained by boiling for two hours-the deeper color of the latter being due to larger granules, which may be converted into a brown powder, as he had previously shown was the case with the black extract of natural humus.

CHLORAL IN GOUT.

A correspondent of the Medical Times and Gazette writes ecstatically in regard to his experience of the use of chloral as a remedy for gout, having been cured in four days of what had been a very severe attack, and one which, according to previous experiences, should have lasted a fortnight. His first dose, taken at bedtime, was between seventy and eighty grains, and threw him into a profound sleep, interrupted by only occasional awakening, during which the pains were sufficiently intense to draw tears, but the continued effects of the chloral soon brought on sleep again. A second, third, and fourth dose of equal amount was taken on successive nights, and as the result the pain and the gout had disappeared, having been slept off in the interval. The writer remarks that the experience was so astonishing to himself that he hardly expects his assertion to be believed, as he had previously tried every known form of opiate without success.

UNION OF IRON AND STEEL.

stances that have been presented for consideration in such a connection. His experiments were made to ascertain (1) whether putrefaction can be accelerated by adding certain chemicals to fresh organic fluids; (2) the relative antiseptic powers of different bodies, as shown by their preventing the appearance of fungi and animalcules in organic fluids with which they are mixed; and (3) the relative aerial antiseptic powers of different volatile bodies, as evinced by their preventing the appearance of fungi and animalcules in organic fluids exposed to their vapors, and by their action on vaccine lymph.

Under the first head it was ascertained that the alkalies and alkaline earths and their salts (with few exceptions) hasten decomposition when present in small proportion in fluids containing organic matter. This is the case with domestic soap-suds, spent lye, and all more or less alkaline liquids. Ammonia, permanganate of potash, and biborate of sodium, among chemical waste substances, do not accelerate putrefaction, but, at the same time, they do not retard. it. Soda, potash, nitrate and chlorate of potassium, and lime are especially vigorous as putrefiers. Salt, saltpetre, and sugar, all substances which preserve meat when used in large quantities, act as putrefiers when added in small percentage.

Under the second head, Dr. Dougall came to the conclusion, as the result of his experiments with solutions containing organic matter, that putrefaction and fermentation are not identical processes; that the former is more difficult to prevent than the latter, which sometimes subsides into putrefaction, though putrefaction rarely becomes intensified into fermentation. The best antiseptics, in his opinion, are the acids, since it is apparently impossible for marked putridity and acidity to go together. Among these he especially mentions chromic acid and benzoic acid, carbolic acid, indeed, only retarding the appearance of the animalcules and fungi for a time.

For many purposes it is frequently desirable to unite iron and steel, the advantages of such a combination being very great. There are, however, a number of difficulties in the way of accomplishing this result. With edge-tools, for example, the tedious hand labor required makes the product very costly, while with large masses the employment of fluxes has not served to shield the steel from being burned. A plan is pro- The most important portion of Dr. Dougall's posed by Mr. Charles Wheeler, of Philadelphia, investigations related to the relative antiseptic of attaining the desired end very simply and ef- powers of different volatile bodies, and here the ficiently. The essential feature of this process chloride of lime appeared to be efficient in nearlies in bringing the iron and steel to a welding ly all cases. It was ascertained that nitrous acid, heat in one "pile," and simultaneously, and then glacial acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid are the manipulating them by rotary motion. In order most perfect in their action; and that next come to avoid the danger of burning the steel, this is carbolic acid, sulphurous acid, and chloride of protected from the modifying effects of the fur- lime, the last being the best of the three. But nace gases by being inclosed in an iron case as the application of these substances was made made as nearly air-tight as possible. This is under very favorable circumstances, and much brought to a welding heat, and the mass thus more concentrated than it is possible to use them rolled. According as the material is piled in the in practice, he concludes that aerial antiseption case, the inventor produces an iron-coated steel is in most cases fallacious. A very curious fact slab, plate, or bar, in which steel preponderates, was developed in regard to the action of various steel-centred iron, in which iron preponderates, substances upon vaccine lymph in preventing its and a combination in which the materials are so activity-carbolic acid, both in vapor and soludisposed as to be best able to endure wear and tion, as well as chloroform, camphor, sulphuric support strain. Upon the same general plan a ether, and iodine, not interfering with this activtubular combined iron and steel axle is pro- ity. Lymph, exposed to the action of vapor of duced, for which many advantages are claimed. chloride of lime, sulphurous, nitrous, glacial acetThe process is extremely simple, and has re-ic, and hydrochloric acids, was found incapable ceived much attention from practical workers in metal.

PUTREFIERS AND ANTISEPTICS.

Dr. Dougall, of Glasgow, has lately published a pamphlet on putrefiers and antiseptics, the re

of producing its characteristic effect, however, from which Dr. Dougall concludes that these are the best destructives of the active properties of vaccine lymph, and therefore are more likely to act upon variolous matter and other zymotic substances.

Editor's Bistorical Record.

POLITICAL

UR Record is closed on the 25th of Au

Commission

New Jersey met at Trenton July 22, and, after the announcing of committees, adjourned till the 7th of October.

The Constitutional Convention of Ohio has taken a recess till the 2d of December. The Committee on Apportionment and Representation submitted a report, July 23, embodying the principle of cumulative voting. The State was divided into ten districts, each of them to be entitled to three Senators, and the voters to have the option at the election of repeating the name of a candidate on their ballots instead of voting for an additional candidate. The House of Representatives to be composed of delegates from each of the counties of the State; and where a county is entitled to more than one member, the people are empowered to elect in the same

manner.

The Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania has been in session. It proposes to create the office of Lieutenant-Governor, and a Court of Pardons, and to limit the powers of corporations. The Commission authorized by the Legislature of Michigan to revise the constitution of that State was promulgated by the Governor August 14. It consists of twelve Republicans and six Democrats. The Commission was to meet at Lansing August 27, and is required by law to finish its work by the 1st of December. This is the third legislative commission created in this country to perform the work usually assigned to a convention of elected delegates.

proposed to bound the State on the north by the Ohio River, east by the Tennessee and the State

er; the area to be a little over twenty-five thousand square miles. The convention was enthusiastic and harmonious.

The Republican State Convention of Virginia met at Lynchburg July 30. R. G. L. Paige, colored delegate, presided. Colonel R. W. Hughes was nominated for Governor. The resolutions approve of the administration of General Grant, and ask for an ad valorem tax law for the State, and the repeal by Congress of the tax on tobacco.

The Conservatives of Virginia held their State Convention at Richmond August 6, and nominated General James L. Kemper for Governor. The resolutions approve the rule of conservative government as contrasted with "radical rule," advocate the maintenance of the free-school system, and ask for the completion of the great James and Kanawha river water-line as a means of cheap transportation.

The Democratic State Convention of Maryland met at Baltimore August 12. Levi N. Woodford was renominated for Controller, and James S. Franklin for Clerk of the Court of Appeals. The platform reaffirms State rights, strict construction of the Federal Constitution, and opposition to monopolies, revenue tariffs, and the back pay for Congressmen.

The Democratic State Convention of Maine assembled at Portland August 12; 568 delegates present. Joseph Titcomb, of Kennebunk, was nominated for Governor. The platform is copied verbatim from that of the Ohio Democrats, but expresses distrust of compulsory education.

The Republican State Convention of Texas assembled at Dallas August 19, and renominated E. J. Davis for Governor.

The fifth annual convention of the Labor Re

The Ohio State Nominating Convention assembled, in pursuance of the “ Allen County Resolutions," at Columbus, on the 30th of July, and nominated a fusion ticket, as follows: Governor, Isaac C. Collins, Democrat; Lieutenant-Governor, A. S. Piatt, Liberal Republican; Attorney-General, Seraphim Myers, Liberal Repub-form party of Massachusetts met at Lowell Aulican; Supreme Court, P. B. Ewing, Democrat; D. W. C. Louden, Republican; Board of Public Works, James M'Beth, Democrat; Controller, C. P. L. Butler, Liberal Republican; Treasurer, Jonathan Harshman, Democrat. The platform proposes a new organization of parties, censures the national administration for its grants of lands to corporations, the "salary grab," and official corruption; disapproves of public works by the general government, subsidies to corporations, special privileges to banks, appointment of public officers for political considerations, and of a tariff for other objects than revenue. It also recommends the repeal of all laws that favor capital to the prejudice of labor. The Liberal Republican State Committee has fraternized with the new movement, as also have Messrs. William H. Groesbeck, Thomas Ewing, and R. Brinckerhoff.

The Democratic State Convention of Ohio, at Columbus, August 6, nominated William Allen for Governor.

gust 6. Judge Robert Corby was chosen permanent president. The discussions related principally to the subject of procuring the enactment of a ten-hour law. No candidates were nominated for State officers, but a resolution was adopted censuring Governor Washburn for his removal of General Oliver and Mr. Chamberlin from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the appointment of Mr. Potter, an adversary of a tenhour law. Another resolution pledged the support of the party to General B. F. Butler for Governor in case he should be a candidate.

The territorial election was held in Utah on the 4th of August. The "Gentiles" took no part, and the Mormon ticket was chosen by a unanimous vote. Women and children, and foreigners not naturalized, participated.

A postal treaty with Japan was signed by the President August 6. It stipulates for carrying of mails between San Francisco and Yokohama, at the rate of fifteen cents, prepaid, for letters, to be reduced after one year to twelve cents, and A convention of delegates favorable to the two cents for newspapers. Mails belonging to formation of a new State from fractions of North other countries may also be carried by the UnitMississippi, West Tennessee, and Western Ken-ed States for two cents additional, and letters extucky assembled at Jackson, Tennessee, the proposed capital, on the 29th of July. It is

changed between Pacific steamers for ten cents. No postal treaty has been concluded with