Affa

the sea which runs a good way within land, such as the Bristol Channel and many of the friths of Scotland.

AFFA, on the coast of Guinea, is an ounce weight of gold; the half ounce is called eggeba.

AFFENBOURGH HAMEN, a secondary Rhine wine produced near Coblentz.

AFFIDAVIT is an oath in writing sworn to before a magistrate or some functionary authorised to administer one. The usual forms

are:

Affidavit of the due execution of a Prose

cution or letter of Attorney.

A B of maketh oath and saith that he was present and did see C D of duly sign, seal and as his act and deed deliver the procuration or letter of attorney hereunto annexed, and that the same C D subscribed against the seal of the said procuration or letter of attorney is of the proper handwriting of the said C D, and the names of this deponent and of subscribed to the said procuration or letter of attorney as witnesses to the due execution thereof are of this deponents and of the said ➖➖ own proper respective hand-writing.

Affidavit of goods sold and delivered. A B of -maketh oath and saith that CD of- -named in the procuration or letter of attorney herewith annexed is justly and truly indebted unto him, this deponent, in the sum of £ sterling for goods and merchandise sold and delivered as more fully appears by the account also hereunto annexed. Affidavit for Money Paid, Lent and Advanced,

Laid Out and Expended, &c., &c.

A B of maketh oath and saith that C D of named in the procuration or letter of attorney hereunto annexed is justly and truly indebted unto him this deponent in the sum or sterling for so much money lent and advanced by this deponent, and also paid, lent out and expended to and for the use and for and on the account of him the said C D and for lawful interest accrued therein from the several and respective times of paying lending and advancing the same, and also exclusive of lawful interest which has already or may hereafter accrue and become due on the several bonds, bills, and notes according to the several and respective tenors thereof, as more fully appears by the said bonds, bills, notes, and accounts, as the several authentic copies thereof (as the case may be), and by the general account current between the said C D and him the deponent also hereunto annexed. And this deponent further saith that the sum of £-- above mentioned is still justly due and owing to him this deponent, and that he this deponent hath not had or received any part thereof, either from the said CD or of or from any other person or persons for or on account of the said C D, save and except what is credited by the said account current and subscribed by him this depoñent.

Quaker's Affirmation.

A B of - (being one of the people called Quakers) solemnly affirmeth that, &c. (as in affidavits only you say affirmeth instead of maketh oath, and affirmant instead of deponent affirmed, &c.

AFRICAN LARD is obtained by repression from the kernel of the nut of the Elais Guineensis, a native of the coast of Guinea, and has properties dissimilar to the palm oil from the same tree. It has the appearance of hard butter, is very beautiful, rich, and clear, and for cooking purposes is unexcelled by the best lard.-Simmonds.

AFSLAGERS are auctioneers at Amsterdam

who are appointed by the municipal authorities to attend public sales. They bear also the name of vendic meester.

AFT, on board ship, is the same as abaft. AFWESLAD a copper coin of one of the provinces of Sweden.

AGAL, a woollen cord used in an Arab headdress, manufactured and sold according to quality at from 10 to 125 piastres each.

AGALLOCUM or AGALLOCHUM, a species of aloes wood, odoriferous, variegated and acrimonious to the taste, of hard substance, difficult to burn, but when it takes fire a quantity of sap runs from it, which is used for medical purposes.

AGAR-AGAR an edible seaweed found in great abundance on the Malayan Islands. From the better kind a glutinous jelly suitable for the table is made, and from the inferior a sort of paste applicable to many useful purposes.

AGATE, [Ger. Achat, Du. Achuat, Da. and Sw. Agat, Fr. Agate, It., Sp., and Port. Agata, Rus. and Pol. Agat] a precious stone, takes its name from a river in Sicily Achates. where it was first discovered. It is varied in its colour and the figures it represents, as in many are observed the figure of a dove, and when so it is called phassæates; when the form is that of a horn it is named herackates, and it bears the title of dendrachates when the figures are those of trees. In colour, many are of a dark ash or black, others are tawny, and others again the colour of coral.

AGATE, an instrument used by gold wire drawers, which bears the jewel of this name in the centre of it.

AGENDA, another term for memorandum book.

Agent

AGENT is a deputy, broker, or procurator. He is a person entrusted with the management of property by a firm, public company, or, in the case of army agents, by private individuals. He is expected to execute the instructions of his employer to the letter, and if these are left open he must be guided by the practice at the place where he resides. His remuneration is usually by commission, the amount of which varies from 1 to 4 per cent. AGGOUED-BUND, a description of fine silk produced in India.

Aguardiente

AGITO or GIRO, a small weight of Pegu: two agitos make a half biza, and the biza weighs a hundred tecalis, equal to two pound five ounces heavy, or three pound nine ounces light weight of Venice.

AGREEMENT for a clerk to go to abroad. Articles of agreement indented made &c. between-and-of- of the one part, and of of the other part, witness that the said for the consideration hereinafter mentioned doth hereby for himself his executors and administrators, covenant, promise, and agree, to and with the said --his executors, administrators and assigns, by these presents, that he the said shall and will when required by the said go on board and sail in and with such ship or vessel as shall be provided by the said for Madras aforesaid, and immediately on his arrival there will enter into service of the said for and during the term of three years to be accounted from his arrival at Madras aforesaid, and shall and will dwell continue and abide with the said at Madras aforesaid or elsewhere and him diligently and faithfully serve during the said term in keeping the books of account of him the said and in such other employment business and affairs as the said shall think proper to employ him during the said term, and herein shall from time to time and at all times during the said term do observe perform and fulfil the lawful and reasonable commands and directions of the said without disclosing the same or any of his correspondence or the secrets of his employment business, or dealings, to any person or persons whatsoever, and shall not or will not during the said term correspond with any person or persons corresponding with the said--nor use any traffic or dealings for himself or on account of any other person or persons without the consent of the said first had and obtained for that purpose in writing. And the said doth for himself his executors and administrators further covenant and promise and agree to and with the said -- his executors and administrators that he the said shall and will from time to time during the said term write and keep a true and perfect account and accounts for him the said and will not

embezzle purloin wilfully waste destroy or misspend any of the goods money moneys merchandize or effects of the said-or his correspondents or any of them. And also that he the said his executors or administrators shall and will from time to time and at all times during the said term upon request make and give unto the said his executors or administrators a full just true and perfect account and reckoning in writing of and for all money which he shall receive in or pay out and of all goods which he shall at any time during the said term receive in or deliver out upon the account and for the use of the said or any of his correspondents or by the that the said his executors or administrators shall and will and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said his executors or administrators, all such sum or sums of money as shall appear to be due upon the foot of every such account or accounts. And also that the said shall not nor will at any time or times during the said term trust or deliver forth upon credit any of the moneys goods wares and merchandize of the said or any of his correspondents to any person or persons whatsoever without the special license and consent of him the said. And the said doth for himself, his executors, and administrators covenant promise and agree to and with the said his executors and administrators that he the said -- shall and will in consideration of the said services so to be done and performed by him the said -- as aforesaid pay and allow or cause to be paid and allowed unto him the said the yearly salary of by even and equal portions &c. And it is hereby declared and agreed by and between the said parties that if the saidhis executors or administrators after the arrival of the said at Madras aforesaid shall find him not capable or if the said -- shall not be diligent and faithful in the doing and performing of the service and business of keeping the books and accounts of the said -- or such other business wherein he shall employ him in his trade and merchandise as aforesaid that then and in any of the said cases the said

his executors or administrators after a month's notice or warning in writing for that purpose given to the said shall and may discharge the said -- from his said service, he paying him for his service up to and in full to the time of his discharge, and the sum of--for his passage to England. And the said his executors or administrators or either or any of them shall not from such the said discharge of the said -be chargeable to allow or pay to the said — all or any part of the said yearly sums aforesaid for such time of the said three years which shall be then to come and unexpired anything therein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. In witness, &c.

ÁGUARDIENTE, a Spanish liquor distilled from the grape, and of ordinary quality.

A Hull

A HULL, on board ship, is an expression used when a vessel lies over against the wind and sea with fasted canvas in the teeth of a

storm.

AIGRIS, a peculiar stone of a greenish blue colour, without lustre, hard, but does not polish well, which serves as current coin on the Gold Coast of Africa. The natives break it up into small pieces, and bore holes through the centre of these for the purpose of wearing a string of them as ornaments round the neck. AIPY, a Brazilian liquor made from a species of manico, and consumed in the country. AIZEN, a liquor of Tartary, prepared from cows' milk.

AKKAD, manufactures of silk cords in Cairo. AKYAB is a town in the province of Arakan, of great importance as a rice port. Pop. 15,536.

ALABAMA ("here we rest"), one of the United States of N. America, bounded N. by Tennesse, E. by Georgia, S. by Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by Mississippi. Area, 50,722 square miles, or 32,462,080 acres. Hop. 1,002,240. Lat. between 30° 10, and 35" N. Lon. between 85° and 88° 30' W. Counties 52, viz., Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Benton, Blount, Bibb, Butler, Chambers, Clark, Choctaw, Cherokee, Coffee, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Dale, Dallas, De Kalb, Fayette, Franklin, Greene, Hancock, Henry, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lowndes, Lauderdale, Limestone, Macon, Madison, Marion, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Perry, Pirkens, Pike, Randolph, Russell, Shelby, St. Clair, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Walker, Washington, and Wilcox. Cities and Towns. The capital is Montgomery. Commercial metropolis, Mobile. The other important towns are Hunsville, Tuscaloosa, Florence, Marion, Talladega, Athens, and Jacksonville. Minerals. Coal, iron, lime, and marble; red ochre, lead, and manganese are met with. Iron is found in abundance in Shelby, Bibb, Jefferson, and Tuscaloosa counties; also bituminous coal of a good quality. "There are salt, sulphur, and chalybeate springs in different sections of the State. Gold has been found in St. Clair county." Variegated marbles are found on the rivers, particularly on the Cahawba and in Talladega county. Products. Cotton, Indian corn, oats, wheat, rye, rice, wool, hay, peas, and beans; barley, buckwheat, tobacco, sugar, butter, potatoes, wine, cheese, hops, flax, and silk; fruit, live stock, honey, molasses, &c. Timber. Oak, poplar, hickory, chestnut, mulberry, cypress, loblolly, and pine. Manufactures. Eight cotton mills, 25,196 spindles, using 2,820,506 lb. of cotton yearly. The average yarn is 17, and the average per spinner 112; 14 forges furnaces, producing 2,537 tons of castings; pig and wrought iron value £280,876; distilling inconsiderable; 149 tanneries, producing £335,911 worth of leather yearly. Produce. Cotton principally, crop about 400,000 bales, averaging 105 dollars per

Aleppo

bale, aggregating £42,000,000 dollars, or £7,499,922 10s.; at exchange 5 dollars 60 c. per £. Trade. See MOBILE, the only seaport of the State.

ALABASTER [Ger. Du. Da. Sw. Aabaster, It. Sp. and Port. Alabastro, Fr. Albâtro, Rus. Alabastr] a stone not unlike marble but softer, used by sculptors in executing small statues, vases, colunins, &c., &c.

ALAMODE, a thin glossy black silk, chiefly used for hoods, mourning scarves, &c. ALB, a Turkish coin, more commonly known as asper.

ALBA FLORA, a dry wine similar to Rhenish, the produce of Minorca.

ALBACETE, a Spanish wine of ordinary quality, the produce of New Castile.

ALBERNUD, a kind of camlet made in the Levant.

ALCANNA is a drug brought from the Levant for dyeing purposes.

ALCAVALA was a tax at one time levied in Spain on the transfer of property whether movable or immovable.

ALCOHOL [Fr. Esprit de vin, Ger. Weingeist, It. Spirito di vins] is a liquid which forms the intoxicating principle of fermented liquors. It is by the distillation of such liquors that ardent spirits are obtained, and they receive the names of brandy, rum, gin, and whisky, according to the nature of the substance employed, but in every case consist almost en tirely of three ingredients, viz., alcohol, water, and a little oil or resin, to which they owe their flavour and colour. When these liquids are redistilled, the first portion that comes over is a fine light transparent fluid, known in commerce by the name of rectified spirit. When as highly rectified as possible, the specific gravity of the liquid obtained does not appear to be less than 820 and is generally more. Alcohol cannot by this process be deprived of the whole of the water with which it is combined, but by redistillation with hot muriate of lime it is procured of the specific gravity 791 at 63° or 796 at 60° Fah. In this state it is the strongest that can at present be produced, and it is therefore called pure or absolute alcohol. The alcohol of commerce is never so strong as this, the specific gravity is seldom under 837. In this state it is fragrant, limpid, colourless, volatile, inflammable, and of a pungent agreeable taste.-Waterson.

A-LEE, on board ship, is a term only used when the wind crossing or flanking the line of a ship's course presses upon the masts and sails so as to make her lie over on one side which is called the lee side, hence when the wheel is moved round to this side it is said to be a-lee or hard-a-lee.

ALEGAR, used in dyeing, is sour ale. ALENQUER, a second-class wine of Estremadura, Portugal, of a quality resembling an inferior Bordeaux brand.

ALEPPO, an inland city of Asiatic Turkey, in the North of Syria, and situated_on_the Kuweek. Lat. 36° W. Lon. 37° 10' E. Pop.