beer fhall fell by a full ale quart, or ale pint, according to the standard, and marked to be of fuch content, on pain of forfeiting a fum not exceeding forty fhillings, or under ten.

If any retailer of ale or beer fhall fell in a meafure not marked as aforefaid, or shall refuse to fpecify the number of quarts and pints in his reckoning, it shall not be lawful for him to detain the goods of his gueft for default of payment of fuch reckoning, but shall be left to his action at law.

The fub-commiffioners or collectors of excife fhall deliver a brafs ale quart, and ale pint, according to the ftandard in the exchequer, to the mayor or chief officer of every city, towncorporate, or market-town in their refpective divifions where they are wanting. And every mayor, &c. fhall caufe all fuch alequarts and ale-pints, as fhall be brought to him, to be marked, to testify their having been measured with the ftandard, and may take one farthing for marking each measure. The mayor, &c. neglecting his duty, to forfeit five pounds, and render treble da. mages to the party grieved, with cofts, to be recovered in the courts at Westminster. One moiety of the penalties incurred by this act to go to the poor of the parish where the offence is committed, and the other to the profecutor; proof to be by one wit nefs, before one juftice of peace, and profecution within three months, and the penalties to be levied by distress and sale by warrant from one juftice of peace.

This act fhall not extend to any colleges or halls in the univerfities; retailers of brandy, and other diftilled liquors, shall be licensed as Alehoufe-keepers, and fubject to the fame rules, penalties and forfeitures, for felling them without licence.

Distillers, who keep places for diftilling liquors, and all other fhop-keepers who deal in other goods than ftrong waters, and who do not fuffer tippling in their houses, shall not be compelled to take licences as Alehouse-keepers. Vide DISTILLERS.

ALEPPO, E. lon. 37. 40. lat. 36. 30. is the capital of the government or begler belie of Aleppo in Afiatic Turky, fit. 90 miles E. of the Levant fea, and port of Scanderoon, and about 100 W. of the river Euphrates. The Christians have their houses and churches in the fuburbs. There is a very confiderable trade here for filks, camblets, and Turky leather.

Every European nation almost has its factors here. The Englifh factors are about forty in number, and live in a quadrangle refembling a college, having their chaplain and chapel, where they perform their devotions regularly, as in Chriftendom; and at their leisure hours they hunt and use other sports with all imaginable freedom. The beglerbeg of Aleppo commands all the country between the Levant fea and the Euphrates; but the castle has a governor independent of him.

ALEXANDRIA, E. lon. 31. 15. lat. 30. 40. a great city and port-town of the Lower Egypt, in Africa, fit. 40 miles weft of. the most wefterly branch of the river Nile, and 120 N. W. of the city of Grand Cairo.

It was once the capital of Egypt, and had the greatest trade of any town in the world, when the spices and treafures of the East Indies were brought hither, and from hence diftributed all over Europe, which was in a great measure loft when the Portugueze found the way to the Eaft Indies round Africa, about the year 1400; however, it has ftill a good foreign trade. The land on which the town ftands is so low, that the feamen can hardly difcern it till they are very near; which was the occafion of erecting the celebrated Pharos, or high watch-tower here, so often mentioned in hiftory.

ALGIERS city, E. lon. 3. 20. lat. 36. 40. the cap. of the K. of Algiers, and a good port, fit. near the mouth of the river Safran, on the Mediterranean fea, oppofite to the island of Majorca. It ftands on the fide of a hill, rifing gradually from the fhore, three hundred miles W. of Tunis, and upwards of 400 E. of Gibraltar. It is defended by a pier or mole 500 paces in length, extended from the continent to a small island, where they have a castle, and large batteries of guns, which have not been able, however, to protect them from bombardments by the Chriftian powers, whofe fubjects they have plundered and carried into flavery; for these people fubfift chiefly by the prizes they make of Chriftians fhips that are not at peace with them. The houses of the town are contiguous, and computed to contain one hundred thousand Mahometans and fifteen thousand Jews, and two thousand Chriftian flaves.

ALIEN. An Alien is one born out of the King's ligeance, (out of the King's dominions) under the obedience of a foreign prince or state.

An Alien can bring no real or perfonal action concerning land; but an Alien friend may have and poffefs goods, and maintain an action for the fame. And an Alien merehant may take a lease of a house for his habitation. An Alien enemy can bring neither real or perfonal action. i Inft. 129.

One made a denizen by the King's letters-patent, may purchafe lands, and his iffue born after the denization may be heirs to him; the children born before cannot: but where an Alien is naturalized by act of Parliament, there all his iffue born before the naturalization have the privileges of natural born fubjects.

If an Alien friend poffeffed of a leafe for years of a house die, or depart the realm, the King fhall have his leafe.

An Alien friend may be an administrator, and shall have adminiftration of leafes, as well, as other perfonal things, because he hath them in another's right, Cro. 5. Car.

ALIENS-Duties, aqua-vitæ, balks, boards, corn or grain of all forts, currants, deals, figs, flax, hemp, mafts, olive oil, pitch, pot-afhes, prunes, raifins, rofin, falt, fpars, fugar, fugar-candy, tar, timber, vinegar, wines, and all goods of the growth and production, or manufacture of Mufcovia, Ruffia, or Turky, if imported in Aliens fhips, are liable to pay Aliens-duty.

All

All fhips trading to or from the Mediterranean, beyond the port of Malaga, under two hundred tons, two decks, fixteen guns, ammunition proportionable, and thirty-two men, are to pay one per cent, except fhips exporting fish (being one moiety of her full lading) from his Majefty's dominions to the Mediterranean, may import any merchandife in the fame ship for that voyage, without paying the aforefaid duty.

It fhall be lawful for any person, native or foreigner, in any place privileged or not privileged, corporate or not corporate, to fet up the trade of dreffing hemp or flax, making and whitening of thread; fpinning, weaving, making, whitening, or bleaching of cloth made of hemp or flax; as alfo, the trade of making twine, or nets for fishery, or of cordage; as alfo the trade of making tapestry hangings; and foreigners using these trades, shall enjoy all privileges of natural born fubjects.

Aliens fhall pay no higher customs or fubfidies, for the native commodities of this realm exported, than the natural born fubjects (except for coals) and all the ftatutes to the contrary are hereby repealed, 25 Car. II. cap. 6.

Nor fhall they pay for fish caught by the English, and exported in English bottoms, any greater cuftoms and fubfidies than the natives.

Children of natural born fubjects, born out of the British dominions, declared natural born fubjects.

Merchants bringing in any fort of wines into this kingdom by way of merchandife, and making due entries of the fame in the custom-house, shall be allowed 2 per cent. leakage.

Every hogfhead of wine, which fhall be run out, and not full feven inches, or above, left therein; and every butt or pipe, not above nine inches, shall be accounted for outs, and the merchant to pay no fubfidy for the fame.

If any wines fhall prove corrupt and unmerchantable, and fit for nothing but to diftil into hot waters, or to make vinegar, then every owner of fuch wines fhall be abated in the fubfidy according to fuch his damages in those wines, by the discretion of the collectors of the customs, and one of the principal officers.

If any tobacco, or other goods or merchandise, brought into this kingdom, fhall receive any damage by falt water, or otherwife, fo that the owner thereof fhall be prejudiced in the fale of fuch goods, the principal officers of the cuftomhoufe, or any two of them, whereof the collector for the time being to be one, fhall have power to chufe two indifferent merchants experienced in the value of fuch goods, who, upon vifiting the faid goods, fhall certify and declare upon their corporal oaths, first adminiftered by the faid officers, what damage fuch goods have received, and leffened in their true value, and according to fuch damage in relation to the rates fet on them fhall the allowances be made. ALQUIER, a corn-meafure ufed in Portugal, containing a peck, three quarts, and a pint English.

ALTRINGHAM,

ALTRINGHAM, Cheshire; 152 miles from London. Market on Thursday. Fair on St. James's-day. Carrier, at the Ax, Aldermanbury, on Monday, Thursday, and Friday.

ALTON, Hampshire, 50 miles from London. Market on Sa turday. Carrier, the White Swan, Holborn-bridge, Thursday. AMBOYNA Ifland, E. long, 126. South lat. 3. 40. fituated 300 miles S. W. of Ternate, the chief of the Molucca iflands, and 100 miles N. W. of the Banda iflands; being about 70 miles in circumference. Here the Dutch have a ftrong caftle, garrisoned by 7 or 800 men. This island being conveniently fituated between the Molucca islands, which produce cloves, and the Banda iflands, where only mace and nutmegs grow, the English and Dutch had each of them their factories here, the beginning of the 17th century, in the reign of K. James I. but the Dutch forcibly expelled the English factors in the time of peace; tortured and put to death feveral of them; invaded and ufurped the dominion of the fpice islands, which had fubmitted to the English, and have kept the poffeffion of them ever fince, monopolizing the fine fpices, and excluding all the rest of the world from them.

AMERSHAM, OF AGMONDESHAM, Bucks; 29 miles from London. Market on Tuesday. Carrier, at the White Horfe, Holborn-bridge, Wednesday and Saturday.

AMESBURY, or AMBRESBURY, Wiltshire; 80 miles from London, Market, on Friday. Carrier, at the Bull and Mouth, Alderfgate, on Friday.

AMPTHILL, Bedfordfhire; 43 miles from London. Market Thursday. Fairs, April 23; Good Friday; November 29; St. Ann's, and Corpus Chrifti day. Carrier, the Rofe and Crown, St. John's-ftreet, Tuesday and Friday; the Windmill, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday.

AMSTERDAM, E. long. 4.30. lat. 52.20. the capital of the province of Holland and of the United Netherlands, fituated on the river Amftel, and an arm of the fea, called the Wye, a little to the weftward of the Zuyder fea, 200 miles and upward east of London; 230 N. E, of Paris, and upwards of 400 miles W. of Vienna; 10 miles E. of Haerlem, and 30 N. E. of Rotterdam. The city lies almoft in the form of a crefcent: it is the greatest port of the known world; no where are fuch numbers of merchants fhips feen; and yet of the most difficult access, it being fcarce poffible for a loaded fhip, or man of war, to enter the harbour; and indeed the whole Zuyder fea is so shallow and full of fands, that scarce any but their own flat-bottomed vessels can crofs it; but then this is their great fecurity against foreign enemies, whofe men of war fcarce ever venture to pursue them beyond the Texel, and other entrances into this fea. The foundations of this town are laid upon vast piles of timber drove into the morafs on which it ftands, at a prodigious expence. The ftadthouse alone has upwards of 13,000 piles of wood, it is faid, to bear up the foundation. The houses are built with brick or tone, the streets fpacious and well paved, and through most of

them

them run canals planted with trees; the town is computed to be half as big as London, including the fortifications in it are people of almoft every nation and every religion in Europe, who are all tolerated in their respective perfuafions, but none admitted to any share in government, but the Calvinifts, or Prefbyterians all of them, however, apply themselves with the utinoft diligence to heap up wealth.

ANCRE of brandy, &c, ten gallons.

ANCHORAGE, is a duty paid for the privilege of the ships riding at anchor in any port.

ANCHOR SMITH. The anchor fmith requires more ftrength than genius, and there is but little money given with an apprentice in this trade; ten pounds is the moft, and fometimes a mafter will take a good fturdy lad for nothing, but it will require upwards of 500l. to fet him up. A journeyman, who is a good fireman, will earn a guinea a week and upwards. This company is incorporated if the company of the blacksmiths, who are upon the livery. Their hall is on Lambeth-hill,

ANDOVER, Hants, 66 miles from London. Market on Saturday, Fairs on Thursday and Friday, the third week in Lent, May 1, and November 6. Poft machine, at the Black Lion, Water-lane, Fleet-ftreet, Tuesday, Thurfday, and Saturday. Carrier, the King's Arms, Holborn-bridge, on Thursday.

ANGEL, an old English coin, of the value of ten fhillings. ANGLESEA, one of the 12 Welch counties. An island, parted from Carnarvon in North Wales by the river Menia, and wash'd on every fide by the Irish sea. It is zo miles long and 17 broad. Contains about 200,000 acres, and upwards of 1800 houses. It is in the diocefs of Bangor, is divided into fix hundreds, and thofe into 74 parishes. It was anciently called, Infula Opaca, from the great quantity of wood with which it was over-grown ; but it is now, especially in the north and weft parts, so bare, that there are very few trees fit either for timber or fhelter. It furnishes good milftones, and its principal commodities are corn, cattle, fifh and fowl. It has only two market towns, Newborough and Beaumaris. This laft is the county town, 184 miles from London, well built, and has a good harbour for ships.

ANNUITY, a certain yearly payment, granted to one for life or years. The first public Annuities were granted by parliament in the year 1692; whereby one million was raised towards the maintaining the war against France. Every contributor, who advanced the fum of 1001, was entitled to 141. per ann. for his own life, or the life of any other perfon he would nominate: the next year it was enacted, that any perfon might add a fecond life, on advancing 35 1. more in every hundred, and a third life on advancing the further fum of 201. In the year 1695, it was enacted, that any perfon advancing 63 1. more above the 1001 already paid, fhould have a term of ninety-fix years in the faid Annuity of 141. per ann. after the said estates

for