the Colonies," a short distance away, and will be one of the noblest monuments on this sacred spot. It will include the gateway, waiting room and superintendent's lodge. These will be built in the most substantial manner befitting a memorial of national importance. That such a memorial is fitting no one can question who knows what Valley Forge is in American life and progress. At the time of the Albany Congress, as far back as 1754, Benjamin Franklin was working for the union of the Colonies. In his Pennsylvania Gazette appeared a rude cut of a snake whose dissevered parts represented the Colonies, and under this were the words, "Unite or Die." When the American soldiers marched up the Gulph Road to Valley Forge they were the armies of Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, etc. When they marched across Sullivan's Bridge they were the Army of the United States of America. Here the Declaration of Independence which proclaimed a new empire was realized first in a united army. The gate will occupy a commanding site in full view of the course taken by that united army, whose efforts resulted in a free and united people. President Roosevelt's Valley Forge Address.One phase of the relation of the men of Valley Forge to the defenders of the Union was set forth in the address made by President Roosevelt in the temporary Washington Memorial Chapel on Evacuation Day, 1904. He said: "If the men of '61 had failed in the great struggle for national unity it would have meant that the work done by Washington and his associates might almost or quite as well have been left undone. There would have been no point in commemorating what was done at Valley Forge if Gettysburg had not given us the national right to commemorate it. If we were now split up into a dozen wrangling little communities, if we lacked the power to keep away here on our continent, within our own lines, or to show ourselves a unit as against foreign ggression, then, indeed the Declaration of Independence would read like empty sound, and the Constitution would not be worth the paper upon which it was written, save as a study for antiquarians." The Washington Memorial Cemetery. The Park Commission has located so many graves that there is no longer any doubt that these hills are a vast cemetery in which lie the remains of the martyrs of '77 and '78. Associated in location and thought is the Washington Memorial Cemetery-consecrated as God's Acre. This is the property of the congre gation of the Washington Memorial Chapel, for the interment of its members, but it will be conducted as a general cemetery on modern lines. Most generously the congregation has devoted one acre for the interment of veterans of the Civil War and their widows, and another for the veterans of the Spanish American War and their widows. This provision for the soldiers' widows is as beautiful as it is unusual. To keep the cemetery in the best of order perpetually a large percentage of all the money received from the sale of lots will be added to the Endowment Fund. Mr. Frank Quigg, Port Kennedy, will gladly give information in regard to the lots in the cemetery. Soldiers' Huts.-The woodland, the property of the Hon. William Uhler Hensel, is one of the most interesting spots in the whole encampment. At the beginning of the wood turn to the left and follow the woodland road. Within a few steps you will reach a depression in the earth. This is the first of the hut-holes or "cellars" as they are called. It is the site of one of the huts which were built by the soldiers, and still shows the outline and size of the building. You are now standing on one of the company streets, and to the right and left as you advance other hut-holes will be seen. Almost at the end of the street, there being only two holes beyond, stands the hut erected by the Daughters of the Revolution. Above the door is a tablet bearing the following inscription: ! ON THIS SPOT STOOD ONE OF THE HUTS WASHINGTON'S CAMP DURING THE WINTER OF 1777-1778. THIS REPRODUCTION WAS ERECTED BY SITE WAS PRESENTED BY I. HESTON TODD. It was dedicated on June 24, 1905, at which time a prayer was offered by the Rev. W. Herbert Burk, and addresses were made by Mrs. O. La Forrest Perry, Mrs. Nathaniel Seaver Keay, State Regent of the Daughters of the Revolution, and Mr. I. Heston Todd. The soldiers who occupied the original hut belonged to the 4th Connecticut Regiment, as proven by the buttons found in the hut-hole, and now on exhibition in the Museum. This hut gives an excellent idea of what the huts of the soldiers at Valley Forge were, for explicit directions were given for their erection. "The quarters must be fourteen by sixteen feet each," say the orders; "the sides, ends and roofs made with logs; the roof made tight with slabs, or some other way; the sides made tight with clay; a fire-place made of wood and secured with clay on the inside, eighteen inches thick; this fire-place to be on the rear of the huts; the door to be in the end next the street; the door to be made of split oak slabs, unless boards can be procured; the side walls to be six feet and a half high. The officers' huts are to form a line in the rear of the troops, one hut to be allowed to each general officer; one to the staff of each brigade; one to the field officers of each regiment, and one to every twelve non-commissioned officers and soldiers." The soldiers were divided into squads of twelve, and Washington offered a reward of twelve dollars to the squad in each regiment which finished its hut in the quickest and most workmanlike manner. He also offered a reward of one hundred dollars to the officer or soldier who would invent a cheaper covering than boards. The inventors were to report their plans to Generals Sullivan, Greene and Lord Stirling. Temporarily the huts were covered with the tents. As large quantities of straw were needed for beds or for thatching the huts, if this plan were adopted, Washington ordered the farmers to thresh at once or the straw would be taken with the grain and paid for as straw. Broadsides to this effect were printed and posted throughout the neighboring country. Dr. Waldo has left us a description of the huts, but the one described in his lines was probably built for a hospital, such as that so admirably reproduced by the Park Commission near the Wayne Monument, as these were larger than the huts of the soldiers and had more windows. Dr. Waldo was a surgeon in General Huntington's brigade, and gained quite a reputation for his success in inoculating the soldiers against small-pox. "Of pondrous logs Whose bulk disdains the winds and fogs Two chimneys plac'd at op'site angles Keep smoke from causing oaths and wrangles. Three windows, placed all in sight, On the whole the huts were very comfortable, as is testified in numerous letters written from Valley Forge. When the weather grew warmer the soldiers were ordered to open the chinks to let in more air, and later the army abandoned the huts and pitched their tents. In huts such as this and upon this ground were encamped the Rhode Island troops under the command of Col. Christopher Greene, the hero of Fort Mercer. He and his four hun- · dred men, behind unfinished earthworks, repulsed a well-disciplined and well-equipped force of two thousand Hessians on the twenty-second of October, 1777, at Red Bank, N. J. The battle lasted less than an hour, but in that time these men added to the honor of the American soldier by making “one of the most glorious stands ever made by patriots fighting for home and country." Visitors will find interesting relics of these heroes in the Valley Forge Museum, including a letter reporting the action to Governor Wharton, of Pennsylvania. Steuben's Kitchen.-On some of the maps this part of the encampment is designated as the sites of officers' huts, and |