by Colonel Dewees were used to bake much of the bread used in the army, when flour could be had. For those who were located at some distance from these ovens others were established, and people in the neighborhood made a business of baking for the army, receiving a pound of flour in exchange for a pound of bread.

To the soldiers of the army, therefore, this was known as the "Bakehouse." It was not made the headquarters of any general, but within its walls some of the courts martial were held. For instance, on February 4, 1778, Philip Kirk was tried and found guilty of supplying the enemy with cattle, and was sentenced to be "Confin'd in some Goal in Pennsylvania during the Enemies Staying and both his real and personal Estate betaken from him for the Use of the United States of America." Only the first part of this sentence was carried out, as Washington was of the "opinion that Confiscation of Property is a matter not cognizable by Martial Law." On the same day, and for the same crime, John Williamson and David Dunn were sentenced to receive 250 and 200 lashes, respectively, on the bare back. Daniel Williamson was also to receive 200 lashes for "attempting to take a number of Sheep into Philada.” These sentences were executed the next morning on the Grand Parade, Washington making the humane provision that “a Surgeon from General Patterson's Brigade attend and see that the Criminals do not receive more stripes than their strength will bear."

The Valley Forge Picnic Grounds.-.Opposite the Washington Inn or the Valley Forge Inn. Connected with this are the Valley Forge Picnic Grounds. At one time these were a popular resort, but were supplanted by places more easy of access. The pavilions have been rebuilt recently and provision has been made for the usual features of such resorts. The dam across Valley Creek has been rebuilt in a most substantial manner, and a number of boats are kept for the use of visitors to Valley Forge. Those who can spare the time should row to the head of the pond, where Valley Creek is crossed by a covered bridge. Beyond it lies "Valley Forge Farm," the summer home of the Hon. Philander C. Knox, Secretary of State.

The mill is run by William Lund & Son, woolen spinners. Most of the village of Valley Forge lies across the creek in Chester County. The road which passes through it is the most direct route to Phoenixville, four miles beyond. Near where it crosses Pickering Creek is Moore Hall, now the residence of Henry C. Pennypacker. This was the headquarters of the Committee which Congress sent to Valley Forge to confer with Washington on the needs of the army.

The "Mansion House" is just beyond the village, and, like the "Washington Inn," includes a building which was built before the Revolution. It was used by the army as a hospital. But the chief interest in this road lies where it crosses the creek and ascends the hill, for here it was that "Light-horse Harry," Capt. Henry Lee, made his thrilling escape from the British dragoons. He and Alexander Hamilton had been sent to superintend the removal of some stores from Valley Forge, and while engaged in their work a detachment of British dragoons appeared. Hamilton and some of the men hastily embarked in a small boat, but Lee, fearful of delaying it, leaped upon his horse and endeavored to reach the bridge before his pursuers. He and his men safely crossed, escaping the enemy's fire at a distance of ten or twelve paces, and galloped up the hill closely followed. The British soon gave up the chase and returned to endeavor to prevent the escape of Hamilton, who, with his men, was struggling with the swollen stream. From the sound of the firing Lee feared that Hamilton and his party had failed to escape, and immediately sent a despatch to Washington, telling of his experience and fears. Washington had hardly finished reading Lee's message when Hamilton appeared unscathed, but fearful for Lee's safety.

On the hill across the creek were the huts of the artificers. This regiment was authorized by Congress in 1777, and as formed consisted chiefly of men from Connecticut.

A contemporary map now owned by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania shows, what other maps do not, the location of a brigade at this point. This was the Carolinian Brigade, which belonged to Lord Stirling's Division, if the map be trustworthy.

To reach Washington's headquarters turn to the right at the Washington Inn. The State has acquired the land between the road and Valley Creek, and the ruins of the paper mill have been removed. The Commission will maintain the tract as a part of the Park.

A Camp Hospital.-The stone stable on the right is said to have been used as a hospital while the army was en

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

camped here. On the strength of this tradition it was purchased by the Valley Forge Memorial Association, and is now owned by the State.

Washington's Headquarters.-Washington's headquarters are a substantial stone house, two stories high, containing five rooms, and connected by a covered way with a stone kitchen. As far as we can learn it was built prior to 1768.

The ground on which it stands is a portion of Mount Joy Manor, which William Penn granted to his daughter Letitia on October 27, 1701. Passing through the ownership of several persons it came into the possession of John Potts, and at the time of the Revolution the house and the Valley Mill were owned by his son Isaac.

The house is of small size, being only 21 feet 6 inches across the front and 30 feet 6 inches deep. It is in a most excellent state of preservation, and has to-day the same doors, windows, locks, etc., which were here when it was occupied by Washington.

In front of this door Washington himself mounted guard, as tradition has it, in order to allow the hungry sentinel to go inside to be cared for by Mrs. Washington.

The hallway passes through the building and at the farther end opens out into the grounds at the back of the house. The doorway on the left leads to the kitchen, while the first on the right opens into the front room.

In the hall has been placed a bronze tablet to commemorate the work done by the Valley Forge Memorial Association in preserving Washington's headquarters. It bears the following inscription:

THIS TABLET COMMEMORATES

THE PATRIOTIC SERVICE RENDERED BY

THE CENTENNIAL AND MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION
OF VALLEY FORGE

GENEROUSLY AIDED BY THE

PATRIOTIC ORDER SONS OF AMERICA

IN ACQUIRING, RESTORING AND PRESERVING

THIS HEADQUARTERS
1878-1906

The front room has an ample fireplace and closet, and is connected with the adjoining room by what is popularly called "the secret passage," a small entry. It contains only a few objects of interest, including portraits of some of Washington's generals, and an oil painting of Dr. Bodo Otto, "hospital phy

sician and surgeon" during the Revolution, a German reel and spinning wheel. In the closet are a bracelet containing a lock of Washington's hair and one of his book plates; a paper case and snuffbox, once owned by General Wayne; a glass pitcher which belonged to Colonel Pickering; battleaxes found at Fort

Huntington; canister shot from Fort Washington; a hatchet head found beneath the east window; a pewter plate from the battlefield of Germantown; a forge tool, and other relics.

In this room one recalls the stately reception with which Mrs. Washington welcomed Gen. Charles Lee on the 20th of May, upon his return from captivity. He was shown the greatest honor. Washington and his officers rode four miles from camp to meet him, and they passed to this house through the