under review, experts have been sent to visit the principal mints of Europe in order that we might keep in touch with any improvements being made in coinage methods.

"Nine years ago we had practically no medal department. The few medals made at the mint were struck in the coiner's department, and the equip. ment for that purpose was incomplete and inferior. Upon removal to the new mint at Philadelphia, the making of medals was placed under the supervision of the engraver, and ample quarters and first-class equipment were provided. The result has been some exceedingly creditable work, and a prospect that in the future the mint will make all medals conferred by the Government as it surely should do. "A complete system of costkeeping has been introduced in the mints by which the cost of each process in coinage operations per ounce of metal handled and per dollar of product is calculated monthly, and a statement of the same at each institution is supplied to all the others." 1907-Roberts resigned the Director's position to become president of the Commercial National Bank of Chicago, but retired in 1910 when the bank merged with the Continental National Bank.

1910-14 Roberts' third term as Director of the Mint commenced in July, when he was again appointed to the position, this time by President William Howard Taft.

The first coinage of bronze cents made in Denver

took place on May 20, 1911. The first delivery of 5-
cent coins took place on February 5, 1912.
The assay office at St. Louis was discontinued by
Act of June 20, 1911, because the volume of busi-
ness was insignificant. Of benefit to the miner at the
outset, with placer production becoming in-
significant, the service rendered was not consid
ered of sufficient importance to justify the cost
of maintenance.

A catalog of the Mint coin and medal collection was
issued during 1912, 1913, and 1914, and in 1913
an abbreviated edition more in the nature of a
guidebook, also was issued.

The New York Assay Office vacated its quarters at 32 Wall Street and moved into temporary housing pending completion of a new building to be erected.

James E. Fraser's design for the 5-cent nickel coin was placed in circulation in 1913. Due to admission of two new States to the Union, it was necessary in 1912 to change the design on the edge of the $10 gold coin from 46 to 48 stars. 1914 Mr. Roberts resigned as Director of the Mint to accept the position of assistant to the president of the National City Bank of New York; served as vice president from 1919 to 1931.

1930 For a 2-year period was a member of the Gold Delegation of the Financial Committee of the League of Nations.

1949-Mr. Roberts made his home in Larchmont, NY. He died June 7.

OBV. Bust of F. J. H. von Engelken. Director of the Mint. 1916.

REV. America, holding the torch of enlightenment, giving forth the fruits of her wealth and artistry. In the background, the U.S. Mint at Philadelphia.

By George T. Morgan.

F. J. H. VON ENGELKEN.

1881-Born in the Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Ger

many, on April 26, the son of Ludwig Herman von
Engelken, a Doctor of Medicine, and Amelia Deor-
derlin, his wife.

Attended elementary schools in St. Louis, Mo., and
Grand Island, Nebr., and high school in Winona,
Minn.

Entered the service of Chicago Northwestern Railroad where he engaged in engineering work. 1900-Went to Hong Kong as assistant to the general agent of the Portland & Asiatic Steamship Co. Transferred in 1902 to Kobe, Japan, and there had charge of steamers, in and out of port, with supervision of cargo, lightering, and ships' papers. 1904 Returned to America and farmed in East Palatka, Fla., until 1908, when he became associated with the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railroad in Galves ton, Tex. Thereafter, and until the close of 1909, he was in agency work in Clifton, Tex., and Ardmore, Okla., for the same railroad.

After leaving the Santa Fe, he was in business in New York for about 2 years and then returned to his farm in Florida, where he remained until 1913. 1913-Appointed Member from Florida of the Fact Find

ing Commission, created by the U.S. Senate, to study European methods of rural credits. The Commission traveled in Europe for several months and. on its return, Von Engelken authored the minority report which became the basis of the Hollis-Buckley Act creating the Federal Land Bank System. 1914 Assisted the American Counsel General at Munich in relief for American refugees fleeing Europe. Returned to East Palatka, Putnam County, Fla., and resumed farming.

1916 Appointed by President Wilson as Director of the Mint, in recognition of his work on the Rural Credits Commission and in legislative hearings leading to the enactment of the Federal Land Bank Act. In February 1917, Von Engelken left the Mint to assume the presidency of the Federal Land Bank for the Third District at Columbia, S.C.

Though his term of office in the Mint was of rela tively short duration, it represented a period marked by an unprecedented demand for coins of the smaller denominations. The coinage executed approached the half billion mark in the number of pieces, against approximately 155 million pieces in the previous year. This was the largest year's coinage in the history of the Mint Service. Over

17 million pieces were coined for foreign governments. This heavy coinage program was completed as a result of improved methods instituted by Von Engelken (the first in some 40 years) for melting coinage metals. During his tenure, he also handled approximately a billion dollars in gold received from the Allies.

1917-Organized the Federal Land Bank at Columbia, an

institution with an authorized capital of $2 million. Resigned in May 1918, when he went to Washington to take over the work of organizing a Bond Sales Department for the Twelve Associated Federal Land Banks. Withdrew from this work when the Liberty Bond Drive was inaugurated. 1918-The victim of anti-German sentiment which swept the United States, and of false allegations of disloyalty, Von Engelken appealed to the President of the United States to clear his name. On November 18, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson sent him a letter in which he stated:

"My attention has been called to the very distressing experiences you have recently had, and I have acquainted myself very fully with the real

facts of the case. It affords me real pleasure, therefore, to say that the fullest investigation having been made, there can be no reasonable doubt of your entire loyalty and zeal as a patriotic American citizen. I am glad to have an opportunity to tell you that this is my unhesitating opinion and that I hope the clouds that have gathered about you will presently clear happily away."

1919-Went to France as a representative of American bankers, in connection with a proposed loan to that country. Later served as a consultant for business reorganizations.

1947-Retired to his home at East Palatka, Fla., where he married an attorney, Kate Lee Walton, in 1952. Von Engelken maintained an active interest in civic affairs during his years of retirement. He was appointed to the Advisory Board of the St. Johns River Junior College at Palataka, Fla., when the college was created in 1957. He was named chairman of the boad and served in such capacity until he suffered a heart block in the fall of 1959. 1963-Mr. Von Engelken died at his home in East Palatka on February 12, 1963.

OBV. Bust of Robert W. Woolley.

REV. Laurel branch, scales, lamp, and inscription, Director of the Mint 1915-1916.

By George T. Morgan.

ROBERT WICKLIFFE WOOLLEY

1871-Born April 29, at Lexington, Ky., the son of Frank W. and Lucy (McCaw) Woolley, of a family of political traditions.

1886-87-Student at the University of Kentucky. 1887-89-Attended Fordham University. 1893-Started as a reporter with the Lexington Leader,

and in 1896, at 25 years of age, became sports editor of the Chicago Tribune. Was on the staff of the New York World from 1897 to 1905, and again from 1907 to 1909. Woolley helped found the National Press Club.

1911-In this year and the one following, he served as chief investigator for the Stanley Committee, investigating the affairs of the U.S. Steel Corporation. 1912-Chief, Bureau of Publicity, Democratic National Committee, and editor of the 1912 and 1914 democratic campaign textbooks.

1913-15-Auditor of the Treasury for the Department of the Interior.

1915 Under an appointment by President Woodrow Wilson, Woolley assumed the duties of Director of the Mint.

The volume of the Mint's activity in gold increased so steadily and so rapidly, commencing July 1. 1915, that the records show the total value of the gold deposits at the New York Assay Office for the first 4 months of the fiscal year 1916 to be nearly that of the deposits for the whole of 1908, heretofore this office's banner fiscal year, and amounted to $126,224,600.

Mr. Woolley handled the receipt of more than $50 million in foreign gold coin and bullion from Australia, Japan, and China, as compared with $4.3 million during the entire calendar year 1914. Most of it required melting and storing, calling for extraordinary energy and some ingenuity to surmount prompt melting and storage problems. In connection with the special commemorative coinage for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, Mr. Woolley arranged for the striking at the San Francisco Mint of the only $50 gold coin issue ever struck by the Government. It was a memorable event, marked by appropriate cere monies. The coin was struck on the large hydraulic press which had been forwarded from the Philadelphia Mint for this special coinage.

Designs were selected early in 1916 for the dime, quarter, and half dollar, marking the first time in the history of our coinage that there were separate designs for each of these three denominations.

1916-Mr. Woolley resigned as Director of the Mint in July to become Director of Publicity and member of the Democratic National Campaign Committee. President Wilson's biographers credited Mr. Woolley with the slogan, "He has kept us out of war." Mr. Woolley was said to have objected to the shortened version of his original, "With honor he has kept us out of war," declaring the former implied promise to continue the status quo. 1917-Served as publicity director for the First Liberty Loan Drive. He also was a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, which position he held until 1921.

1929 From this year until 1934, Mr. Woolley engaged in private law practice, with the firm of Esch, Kerr, Woolley & Shipe.

1934-37-Chairman of the New York Stockholders' Protective Committee of the Missouri-Kansas Pipe Line Co. 1936-Delegate to the Democratic National Convention this year, and again in 1940. Chairman of the National Democratic Council of D.C., 1935-36. 1945 For the next 2 years, Mr. Woolley served on 12 emergency boards of the National Mediation Board. 1958 Mr. Woolley died in Washington, D.C., December 15, and was buried in Fairfax, Va.