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It is for the convenience of the prophetic calculations,' that the Roman weftern empire' is confidered as fub

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fisting, though in a new form, under the Ten Kings, among whom it was to be divided'.' The identity of these two Beasts, that of Daniel and that of John, Romanifts and Proteftants alike admit. • The Beast that 'arofe out of the sea (Rev. ch. xiii.),' fays that learned jefuit Alcafar, evidently relates to the fourth Beaft in 'Daniel, ch. vii.' That the whole defcription of it ' is borrowed from the viith chapter of the prophecy of 'Daniel',' is the declaration of Jofeph Mede. It is,' fays Dr. Creffener, unquestionable, that the Fourth Beaft in Daniel is the fame with the beaft in the Revelations, ' and especially in the time of the little Horn*.'

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'We are to look,' fays Sir Ifaac Newton, for all. the eleven horns of the fourth beaft, among the nations ' on this fide Greece.' With refpect to the Greek 'empire feated at Conftantinople,' we are not to reckon it, adds this great author, among the Horns of the 'fourth Beast, because it belonged to the body of the third.' 'These Ten Horns,' fays bishop Hallifax, ' are the Ten Kingdoms of the Latin or western empire"." We muft look,' fays bishop Newton, for the Ten Kings or Kingdoms, where only they can be found, ' amid the broken pieces of the Roman empire. The 'Roman empire, as the Romanists themselves allow, ' was, by means of the incurfions of the northern nations, difmembered into Ten Kingdoms'.' • Proco

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'pius,' fays Dr. Worthington, who was half Heathen ' and half Christian, and who therefore could have but 'little regard for fcripture-prophecies,-reckons up

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'these several nations; and they prove to be in number exactly Ten, according to his recital".' As if that

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' number of Ten,' fays Daubuz, had been fatal in the 'Roman dominions, it hath been taken notice of upon ' particular occafions. As about A. 1240 by Eberhard, bishop of Saltsburg in the diet at Ratifbon.-At the time of the reformation-they were allo Ten'.'As the number of the kingdoms,' fays Mr.Whiston, into which the Roman empire in Europe, agreeably to the 'ancient prophecies, was originally divided, A. D. 456. was exactly Ten :-fo is it also very nearly returned "again to the fame condition; and at prefent is divided ' into Ten grand or principal kingdoms or states1o.' However, we need not,' as Daubuz obferves, to heed much the after-divisions.—The Holy Ghost only takes notice of that number in the origin of the Beast.' We must know,' fays Jurieu (fpeaking of the Ten Horns) that things retain the names which they bore in their original, without regarding the alterations which time does bring along11,' To the fame purpose Sir I. Newton. After enumerating the Ten Kingdoms into which the western empire was divided, he obferves, fome of thefe kingdoms at length fell, and new ones arose: but whatever was their number after'wards, they are still called the Ten Kings from their first

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' number 12'

To ch. xiii. of the apocalypfe the most attentive confideration is due. Whilft the Beaft with Ten Horns, the representative of the Ten Kings, and the emblem of Civil Tyranny, is pourtrayed in the first ten verses of the chapter; the seven that follow contain an account of

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another emblematic Beaft, having two horns like a lamb, and Speaking as a dragon, who is an ecclefiaftical perfonage, and denotes the Antichriftian Priesthood and Ecclefiaftical Tyranny. That the ten-horned Beaft is a perfonage altogether diftin&t from the antichriftian priesthood, is abundantly evident from a perufal of the xiiith chapter; nor is this lefs clearly to be deduced from an inspection of the prophetic fcenery of the xviith; where the antichriftian priesthood are emblematized by a woman fumptuously attired, and this woman is represented as being feated upon the tenhorned Beast.

The account given by St. John of the firft Beaft is as follows. And I faw a Beast rife up out of the fea, having feven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blafphemy. And the Beaft which I faw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion and the dragon gave him his power, and his feat, and great authority. And I faw one of his heads, as it were wounded to death, and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the Beast. And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the Beast: and they worshipped the Beast, Jaying, who is like unto the beaft? Who is able to make war with him? And there was given unto him a mouth Speaking great things and blafphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months. And he opened his mouth in blafphemy against God, to blafpheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven. And it was given unto him to make war with the faints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations. And all that dwell upon the earth fhall worship him, whofe

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whofe names are not written in the book of life of the lamb flain from the foundation of the world 13.

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This Beaft, fays Daubuz, is the representative of the 'Ten Monarchies,' which arofe out of the ruins of the Roman empire 14.' He represents, says Mr. Pyle, the Civil Powers of the Roman empire,' meaning that empire in its present state, as divided into a number of independent governments. In contradiftinction to the other, it is denominated by bifhop Newton the 'Secular Beaft;' and his lordship correctly fays, that whilft the other Beaftenflaves the confciences,' this fubjugates the bodies of men.' St. John, fays the prelate, faw this Beast rising out of the fea, but the Roman empire was rifen and established long before St. John's time, and therefore this must be the Roman empire, not in its then prefent, but in fome future fhape and form; and it arofe in another shape and form, after it was broken to pieces by the incurfions of the northern nations.-And the fovereignty, which before was exercifed by Rome alone, S was now transferred and divided among Ten Kingdoms 15. In correspondence with this, Mr. Pyle fays, 'you have the fame Beast in a new shape.-It is no longer a pagan empire; but it is the fame dominion under Ten weak Tyrants 16.' Those Ten Kingdoms of the Roman empire,' fays Mr. Whifton 17, which arose in the fifth century, are that great Beast with seven

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13 The last clause Mr. Wakefield renders fomewhat differently. Whofe names are not written from the foundation of the world, in the book of life of the lamb that was flaughtered.

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'This empire under its Ten Kings,' Mr. Whifton elfewhere fays, became very large, and proud, and blasphemous, and idola

17 P. 115.

trous. P. 218.

⚫ heads

heads 18 and ten horns.' But important as the fubje&t is, I am introducing authorities with a needlefs profufion; fince the prophet himself has communicated to us. direct information on the point, not only telling us, that this emblematic Beaft had Ten Horns, and upon his Horns 19 Ten Crowns, but that the Ten Horns are Ten Kings 20. It deferves alfo to be noted, that the dragon is expressly faid to have given to the ten-horned Beaft his power. Now a dragon,' as bishop Hurd obferves, when speaking of this paffage, is the known symbol of the old Roman government in its pagan, perfecuting 'ftate 21.' And who fucceeded the Roman emperors in their power, but the Ten Kings, among whom the provinces of their empire were distributed?

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The fymbolic import of fea 22, from which the tenhorned Beaft is faid to have rifen, perfectly harmonizes with thefe obfervations. 6 The fea,' fays Daubuz, ‘fig

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18 The mention of the feven heads serves an important purpose. First, it afcertains with precifion in what part of the world the Ten Monarchies, fignified by the Ten Horns, were to be erected. For it denotes, that they were to be reared in the countries at that time belonging to the Roman emperors, fince, as bishop Newton remarks, the feven heads are the well'known marks and fignals of the Roman empire,' and allude not only to the seven mountains, but also to the seven forms of government which 'fucceffively prevailed there.' Vol. III. p. 207. Secondly, it also in fome degree marks out the period of the Ten Horns; for it may be inferred, and in particular from v. 10 and 12 of c. xvii. that they should not appear till after the fixth head had fallen; that is, that the Ten Horns should not arise till after the imperial government was diffolved.

19 These Ten Horns have Ten Crowns upon them: i.e they denote so

many kings or crowned heads, over so many distinct provinces or king

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22 In ch. xvii. a kindred fymbol occurs. The Babylonish woman having appeared to St. John (v. 1), fitting upon many waters; the angelic interpreter said unto him (v. 15), the waters which thou faweft, where the whore fitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.

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