PLURAL. tiveramos, tivessemos tido. tivéreis, tivésseis, tido. tiverão, tivessem tido. First Future. It is always preceded by some conjunctions, like se quando, sempre que, logo que, if, when, whenever, as soon as. It is composed of the first future tiver, and the participle tido: as, se eu tiver tido, if I shall have had, &c. INFINITIVE. This mood in the Portuguese Language is plainly what it ought to be considered in every language, true verb, and true noun. When the Portuguese use it as a noun, then they make it impersonal, and when as a verb, they give it three persons and two numbers, as to any other mood: thus when they say, eu dezejo ter, I wish to have; they consider it as a noun which is the objective case of the verb dezejo; but when they say por ter eu, por teres tu, por ter elle, por termos nos, por terdes vos,por terem elles, i. e. because I have, thou hast, he has, we have, &c. then they consider and use it properly as a verb. Hence their distinction of impersonal and personal infinitive. It is the same with what they call the preterperfect compound of the same mood: as, ter tido, to have had; when they say: eu quizera haver or ter tido, they call it impersonal, ་ and then they consider and use it as a verbal noun; but when they say: por ter eu tido, por teres tu tido, &c. they call it personal, and use it as a verb with its two numbers, and three persons. So it is with what they call the future compound of the same mood, haver de ter, they call it impersonal or personal, accordingly to the distinction above mentioned, and they conjugate it thus: por haver eu de ter, because I am to have; por haveres tu de ter, por haver elle de ter, por havermos nos de ter, por haverdes vos de ter, por haverem elles de ter. Gerunds. Tendo, having; tendo tido, havendo tido, having had. Participle passive of the past. Tido, tida, tidos, tidas, had. Supine. Is wanting in Portuguese, and supplied by the prepositions a or para, and the verb in the infinitive: as, para ter, to have. In like manner are conjugated the compounds of ter, as conter, deter, manter, suster, &c. Remarks upon the auxiliary verbs ter and haver. As the auxiliary verb ter serves for the conjugation of the compound tenses of the other verbs, the student must first familiarize himself with the simple tenses of the verb ter. know them without faultering from the beginning, and so well as never to be at a loss how to use them on the occasion. We say the same of the verb haver; but it is not enough to have them committed to memory; we must likewise perfectly understand the proper use of them, for which purpose we recommend to the attention of the reader the following remarks on the proper use of both, which remarks we will exemplify and apply in the conjugation of the compound tenses of an active verb. As to the verb ter, we make here a particular remark, viz. that when it is followed by que before an infinitive mood, it denotes the duty, inclination, &c. of doing something: as, que tendes que fazer? what have you to do? tenho que fazer huma visita, I must pay a visit; elle tem muito que dizervos, he has a great many things to tell you. As to the verb haver, it is one of the most useful verbs in Portuguese, since it is not only auxiliary to itself: as, eu hei de haver, I must have; eu havia de haver, I was to have, &c. but also to all sorts of verbs: as, eu hei de cantar, I will sing, I must sing, I am to sing; eu hei de hir, I must go; eu havia de fallar, I was to speak, &c. in which examples we may see that the verb haver, when auxiliary, has generally the preposition de, and the infinitive mood of the verb after it, and that then it denotes a firm resolution, or inclination, or an obligation or necessity of doing, or suffering any thing; wherefore it is not to be rendered in English by the word to have. We say that when auxiliary, it is generally followed by the preposition de, and the infinitive of the verb; but here we must remark, that in some instances it is not followed by that preposition de, and then it is not followed but preceded by the infinitive of the verb; as when we say, dar vos hei instead of hei de dar vos, I must give to you; hei, instead of hei de darlhe, I must give to him. dar the Moreover, when the preterimperfect havia, is to be auxiliarly to any verb, you must make use of the verb hía, hías, hia, híamos, hieis, híão; and so you say; dar lhe hia, and not dar lhe havia, I was obliged, or determined to give him; either the verb hia is a contraction of havia, or of the verb hir, to go; as if we said, I was going to give him; which we leave to the decision of the learned. Finally, the verb haver, followed by the preposition de, and the verb ser, to be, is an auxiliary both to the passive verbs, and sometimes to the verb ser itself: as, o principe ha de ser respectado, the prince ought to be, or must be respected; hei de ser feliz, I shall be happy; que ha de ser de mim? what is to become of me? Verbs taken negatively and interrogatively. When we speak by negation, we must place the negative conjunction não before the verb: as, não tenho, I have not; vos não conheceis, you know not, or dont know. When we speak by interrogation, we must place the pronoun personal, or the nominative of the verb after it: as, terei eu? shall I have? temos nos? have we? tenstu? hast thou? tem elle? has he? The conjugation of the auxiliary and substantive verb ser, or estar, to be; to give at once a full and correct notion of the proper use of these verbs, ser and estar, we conjugate them with an adjective, a participle and a gerond. |