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3. To concentrate what has been said by an allegorical recapitulation: eloquence may be considered as the soul, or animated principle of discourse; and is dependent on intellectual energy and intellectual attainments. Elocution is the embodying form, or representative power; dependent on exterior accomplishments, and on the cultivation of the organs. Oratory is the complicated and vital existence resulting from the perfect harmony and combination of eloquence and elocution.

4. The vital existence. however, in its full perfection, is one of the choicest rarities of nature. The high and splendid accomplishments of oratory, even in the most favored age and the most favored countries, have been attained by few; and many are the ages, and many are the countries, in which these accomplishments have never once appeared. Generations have succeeded to generations, and centuries have rolled after centuries, during which, the intellectual desert has not exhibited even one solitary specimen of the stately growth and flourishing expansion of oratorical genius.

5. The rarity of this occurence is, undoubtedly, in part, to be accounted for, from the difficulty of the attainment. The palm of oratorical perfection is only to be graspedit is, in reality, only to be desired, by aspiring souls, and intellects of unusual energy.

6. It requires a persevering toil which few would be contented to encounter; a decisive intrepidity of character, and an untameableness of mental ambition, which very, very few can be expected to possess. It requires, also, sonspicuous opportunities for cultivation and display, to which few can have the fortuue to be born, and which fewer still will have the hardihood to endeavor to create.-Thelwal.

EXTRACT FROM "WILSON'S ARTE OF RHET. ORIQUE," PUBLISHED SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS SINCE, IN ENGLAND.

1. Pronunciation standeth partly in fashioning the tongue, and partly in framing the gesture. The tongue or voyce

is praise worthie, if the utteraunce be audible, strong, and easie, and apt to order as we list. Therefore, they that mind to get praise in telling their minde in open audience, must, at the first beginning, speak somewhat softlie, use meete pausing, and beeing somewhat heated, rise with their voyce, as tyme and cause shall best require.

2. They that have no good voyces by nature, or cannot well utter their wordes, must seeke for help elsewhere. Exercise of the bodie, fastying, moderation in meate and drinke, gaping wide, or singyng plaine song, and counterfeyting those that doe speake distinctly, helpe muche to have a goode deliveraunce. Demosthenes, beying not able to pronounce the first letter of that arte which he professed, but woulde sai for rhetorike, letolike, used to put little stones under his tongue, and so pronounced, whereby he speake at length so plainly as any man in the worlde coulde doe.

3. Musicians in Englande have used to put gagges in children's mouthes, that they might pronounce distinctly; but now, with the losse and lacke of musick, the love also is gone of bringing up children to speake plainly. Some there be that either natrally, or through folly, have suche evill voyces, and suche lacke of utteraunce, and such evill gesture, that it muche defaceth all their doynges.

4. One pipes out his wordes so small, through defaulte of his winde pipe, that ye woulde thinke he whistled. Another is hoarse in his throate. Another speakes as though he had plummes in his mouthe. Another speakes in his throate, as though a goode ale crumme stucke fast. Another rattles his wordes. Another choppes his wordes. Another speakes as though his wordes had need to be heaved out with leavers. Another speakes as though his wordes shoulde be weighed in a ballance. Another gapes to fetch winde at every thirde worde.

5. This manne barkes out his Englishe, Northern like, with, I sai, and thou lad. Another speakes so finely, as though he were brought up in a ladie's chamber. As I knewe a priest that was as nice as a nunne's henne; when he would sai masse, he would never saie Dominus vobiscum, but Dominus vobicum. Some blowe at their nos

trilles. Some sighes out their wordes. Some singes their sentences. Some laughes altogether, when they speake to any bodie.

6. Some cackles like a henne, or a jacke-dawe. Some speakes as though they shoulde tell in their sleeve. Some cries out so loude, that they would make a man's ears acke to heare them. Some coughes at every worde. Some hemmes it out. Some spittes fire, they talk so hottely. Some makes a wry mouthe, and so they wrest out their wordes. Some whines like a pigge. Some suppes their wordes up, as a poore man doth his porage.

7. Another winkes with one eye, and some with both. This man frouneth alwaies when he speakes. Another lookes ever as though he were madde. Some cannot speake but they must goe up and downe, or at least be styrrying their feete, as though they stood in a boate. Another will plai with his cappe in his hand, and so tell his tale, as if he was cheapening a beaver.

8. Some, when they speake in a great companie, will looke all one waie, as I knewe a reader in my days, who looked in like forte when he redde to scholers; whom one thought to disappoint of suche his constaunt lookes; and therefore, against the next dai, he painted the devill with hornes upon his heade, in the self same place where the reader was wont alwaies to looke; the which strange monster, when the reader sawe, he was halfe abashed, and turned his face another waie.

9. Some pores upon the ground as though they sought for pinnes. Some swelles in the face, and filles their cheekes full of winde, as though they woulde blow out their wordes. Some settes forthe their lippes two inches goode beyond their teethe. Some talkes as though their tongue went of pattines. Some shews all their teethe, Some speakes in their teethe altogether. Some lettes their wordes fall in their lippes, scant opening them when they speake.

10. There are a thousand suche faultes among men, bothe for their speeche and also for their gesture, the which, if in their young yeres they be not remidied, they will hardely bee forgott when they come to man's state.

The above extract from "Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique," is inserted, not only because it points out the faults of speakers, but on account of the peculiarity of the style. It may serve as an exercise in orthography, of false spelling.

INDUSTRY NECESSARY TO THE ATTAINMENT OF ELOQUENCE.

1. In the ancient republics of Greece and Rome, oratory was a necessary branch of a finished education. A much smaller proportion of the citizens were educated than among us, but of these a much larger number became orators. No man could hope for distinction or influence, and yet slight this art. The commanders of their armies were orators as well as soldiers, and ruled as well by their rhetorical as by their military skill. There was no trusting with them as with us, to a natural facility, or the acquisition of an accidental fluency by actual practice.

2. But they served an apprenticeship to the art. They passed through a regular course of instruction in schools. They submitted to long and laborious discipline. They exercised themselves frequently, both before equals and in the presence of teachers, who criticised, reproved, rebuked, excited emulation, and left nothing undone which art and perseverance could accomplish. The greatest orators of antiquity, so far from being favored by natural tendencies, except indeed in their high intellectual endowments, had to struggle against natural obstacles; and instead of growing up spontaneously to their unrivalled eminence, they forced themselves forward by the most discouraging artificial process.

3. Demosthenes combatted an impediment in speech, an ungainliness of gesture, which at first drove him from the forum in disgrace. Cicero failed at first, through weakness of lungs and an excessive vehemence of manner, which wearied the hearers and defeated his own purpose. These defects were conquered by study and discipline. Cicero exiled himself from home; and during his absence in various lands, passed not a day without a rhetorical ex

ercise, seeking the masters who were most severe in criticism, as the surest means of leading him to the perfection at which he aimed.

4. Such too was the education of their other great men. They were all, according to their ability and station, orators; orators, not by nature or accident, but by education, formed in a strict process of rhetorical training; admired and followed even while Demosthenes and Cicero were living, and unknown now, only because it is not possible that any but the first should survive the ordeal of ages.

5. The inference to be drawn from these observations is, that if so many of those who received an accomplished education, became accomplished orators, because to become so was one purpose of their study; then it is in the power of a much larger proportion among us to form themselves into creditable and accurate speakers. The inference should not be denied, until proved false by experiment.

6. Let this art be made an object of attention, and young men train themselves to it faithfully and long; and if any of competent talents and tolerable science be found at last incapble of expressing themselves in continued and connected discourse so as to answer the ends of public speak. ing, then and not till then, let it be said that a peculiar talent or natural aptitude is requisite, the want of which must render effort vain; then and not till then, let us acquiesce in this indolent and timorous notion, which contradicts the whole testimony of antiquity, and all the experience of the world.-Rev. Henry Ware, Jr.

The above valuable extract is from a small and excellent work on

" extemporaneous Preaching," written by Rev. Mr. Ware, of Boston.

THE SAILOR BOY'S DREAM.

1. In slumbers of midnight the sailor boy lay, His hammock swung loose at the sport of the wind, But watchworn and weary, his cares flew away, And visions of happiness danced o'er his mind.

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