Labinovitch v. Pacific Fire and Marine Laing v. Union Marine Insurance Company, Limited. Langhorn v. Hardy Lavabre v. Wilson Laveroni v. Drury Leitrims Le Mesurier v. Vaughan Lewis v. Rucker 243 59 13, 59, 277 52 58 98 300 47 67, 68, 196, 197, 198 241 55, 68, 69, 216, 218 216 304 103 218 201 Leyland v. British and Foreign Marine Insurance Company Lidgett v. Secretan Marine Insurance Company v. China Trans-Pacific Steamship 252 133 77 8 253 174, 175, 180 80 North of England Iron Steamship Insurance Association v. Armstrong North of England Oil Cake Company v. Archangel Marine Notara v. Henderson. Notman v. Anchor Insurance Company OLAF TRYGVASON Osseo Oxenholme 211 123 136 289, 293 182, 246 239 Scottish Marine Insurance Company v. Turner Scripture v. Lowell Mutual Fire Sea Insurance Company v. Blogg Seagrave v. Union Marine 239 154, 155 38 158 262 147, 154 39 217 57 287 173 153, 162 104 38 80 55 61 28 169 288 254 57 52 114 235, 236 85 251 281 289, 293 289, 290, 293 55 107 302 178 38 139, 140, 271 Stoomvaart Maatschappy Nederland v. Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Strang v. Scott Sullivan Sawin Svendsen v. Wallace TALAVERA Taylor v. Dunbar Temperley v. Mackinnon Thames and Mersey v. Pitts, Sons, and King. Thellusson v. Staples . Thompson v. Hopper. 104, 117, 118 46 150 191 71 60 293 174 212 95 303 Wells v. Hopwood West India and Panama Telegraph Company v. Home and Colonial Marine Whitton Gas Float No. 2 Wild Rose, Wilkinson v. Hyde Williams v. North China Company Williams v. Shee Wilson v. Bank of Victoria Wilson v. Smith XANTHO Xantho v. Valuta YESTOR, HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION IN oversea commerce there are four primary or cardinal documents (1) The invoice embodying the terms of the contract of sale, (2) The bill of exchange, (3) The bill of lading, (4) The policy of marine insurance. All four may be and usually are existent in one form or another in every transaction of oversea trade. But all, except perhaps the invoice, involve a third party in addition to the seller (shipper) and buyer (consignee); the bill of exchange involves a banker, the bill of lading a shipowner, the policy of marine insurance an assurer, or, as he is more usually called, an underwriter. Each of these documents becomes in respect of that third party, a separate and distinct contract. Thus the document of marine insurance evidences primarily the contract between the assured (merchant or shipowner) and his underwriter, but it is capable of extension for the protection of any one to whom the assured properly transfers his interest in the contract of insurance, and in the goods or matters to which it refers. Marine insurance, according to an Act of Parliament of 1601 (43 Elizabeth, c. 12), has existed time out of mind, "by means whereof it cometh to pass that upon the loss or perishing of any ship there followeth not the undoing of any man, but the loss lighteth rather easily upon many than heavy upon few, and rather upon them that adventure |