55. Expresses the contrary of what is meant.-Sarcasm defined,.

56. Other Figures of the old Rhetoricians :-Ellipsis, Asyndeton, Hy-

62

.....

perbaton,...

Exercise on Figures..

ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS.

64. The grammatical order frequently departed from,.

65. Qualifying words should precede the object qualified,.

66. Words nearly related in thought should be placed together,.

CHAPTER IV.

THE QUALITIES OF STYLE.

67. Enumeration of the leading qualities,.

68. Simplicity defined,..

SIMPLICITY.

75

.....

76

69. Simplicity in Terms :-Names of common things,.

Names of things palpable and conceivable,....

The Individual and Concrete, as opposed to the General and

Abstract,..

70. The Abstract Noun,.

71. A series of Abstract Terms difficult,.

72. Exceptions,.

73. Simplicity of Structure,.

74. The avoiding of a complication of Negatives,.

CLEARNESS.

75 Opposed to Obscurity and Vagueness,.

76. Management of ambiguous words,..

77. The same word not to recur in two senses,.

78. Parallelism in drawing comparisons,..

79. Use of words in their well-understood meanings,.

STRENGTH.

80. Strength the quality that gives the elation of Power,..
81. Essential pleasure of Power, a rebound from Weakness,

83. Anger or Indignation allied to the Sublime,.

82. Sympathy with Power in others,..

88

89

84. Terror in its relations to Strength, or the Sublime,.

85. Contemplation of Power in Nature,.

89

90

86. Vocabulary of Strength,..

90

87. Conditions of Strength in Composition :-(

-Originality,

92

88. Harmony or Keeping,..

93

92. Variety in the length and structure of Sentences,.

96. The Specific and Concrete a means of Strength,.

97. Strength from Objectivity,.

98. Importance of being easily understood,.

99. Soaring, or taking a flight,..

102. The sublime of Nature extended by the Poet,.

98

FEELING-PATHOS.

103. Tender Feeling allied to inactivity or repose,.

104. Modes of awakening Tender Feeling,.

Vocabulary of Tenderness,.

99

99

101

105. Conditions similar to those of Strength,.

106. Natural objects sometimes suggest Tenderness,.

107. Examples of Pathos,..

109. Based on the degradation of some object possessing dignity,

110. Laughter has two extremes :-Derision,.

111. The genial extreme is Humor,. . . .

104

106

106

115. Letters of the alphabet in the order of easy pronunciation,.

116. Abrupt consonants should alternate with vowels,.

117. A sharp and a flat mute difficult to combine,.

110

111

111

118. Cumulation of consonants harsh,.

111

119. Alternation of vowel and consonant in successive words, .

120. Clash of vowels should be avoided,

112

112

126. An example of the general Law of Harmony,.

127. Imitation of Sounds, .

129. Bulk expressed by slowness of rhythm,.

128. Imitation of Movements,.

130. Expression of the Feelings or Passions,.

TASTE-ELEGANCE-POLISH-REFINEMENT.

131. Meanings of Taste,....

The Permanent and the Variable in Taste,.

CHAPTER V.

116

116

117

119

119

120

120

THE SENTENCE AND THE PARAGRAPH.

THE SENTENCE.

132. Grammatical laws of the Sentence,.

122

133. Rhetorical division of Sentences.-The Period and the Loose

Sentence,.

147. The Condensed Sentence used for Comic effect,.

148. The Pointed Style,......

149. Requisites of the Sentence generally,..

150. A conspicuous place to the Principal Subject:-(1.) In the be-

ginning,

151. (2.) After an adverbial phrase or clause,.

152. (3.) At the end,.

153. The Predicate is also a principal part,..

....

154. The places of emphasis for important words,

155. Unity of the Sentence,.

131

132

133

133

133

135

136

136

156. Clauses united in a Sentence without breach of unity,.

157. It is often requisite to include in a Sentence several distinct
facts.-Examination of a Narrative Extract,...

166-170. Cases in which connecting words are unnecessary,.

171. Demonstrative Phrases of reference,.

172. Repetition in substance of what has been said,..
173. Inversion with a view to reference,.

..........

......

174. De Quincey remarkable for explicit reference,.
175. Second Requisite of the Paragraph.-The rule of Parallel Con-
struction,..

176. Third Requisite.-The opening sentence to indicate the subject

of the Paragraph,. .

147

148

... 148

150

177. Fourth Requisite.-Freedom from dislocation,.

178. Fifth Requisite.-Unity of the Paragraph,.

151

151

179. Sixth Requisite.-A due proportion between Principal and Sub-

2. First. To combine with the Enumeration of the parts a Plan of

the whole,...

154

3. The Form, or Outline, may be the comprehensive plan,.

154

4. The Magnitude to be also stated,..

154

5. Some objects may be viewed as branching from a Centre,.

6. Any feature may be chosen suggesting a comprehensive aspect.-

Examples of the general rule,..

7. Second. The Description may be panoramic,.

8. Third. Description aided by Individuality,..

9. Fourth.-Description by Associated Circumstances,.

10. Associated human Feelings in Description,..

11. The particulars of a Description may be mutually supporting,.

12. Description of Mind.-First, the proper vocabulary of Mind,.

13. Intellectual Processes.-Examples of subjective description,.

14. Second.-Feelings may be suggested by their Associations,.

15. Description involved in all other kinds of Composition,.

16. In Exposition or Science,..

PAGE

154

155

156

157

158

159

159

160

160

162

163

163

...

17. In Poetry. What Descriptions may be undertaken by the poet,. 164

CHAPTER II.

NARRATIVE.

18. Narrative implies sequence or shifting of the scenes. Conditions

22. Sometimes what is recent is best to start from,..

169

23. Second. The narrative of concurring streams of events.—A prin-

cipal action and subordinates,.

169

24. A comprehensive scheme possible in narrative,.

170

25. Concurring streams of equal importance,..

170

26. Contending parties.-Danger of stealthy transition,.

171

31. Fifth.-The ends of Historical Composition.-Instruction,.

174

32. Interest, or the gratification of the Feelings,.

176

33. Sixth.-History based on Geography,....

178

34. Seventh.-History a series of delineations with intermediate nar-

rative,.

178

35. A nation's existence analyzed into departments,.

179

36. History involves the arts of Exposition and of Poetry,.

183

37. Much of what has been said on History applies to Biography,.

38. The Environment should be delineated,..

184

184

39. The form of Narrative in Science, and in Poetry,

184

CHAPTER III.

EXPOSITION.

40. Applies to knowledge in the form of Science,

41. Chief attribute of Science, Generality,.

42. Constituents of Science,..