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and his brother Israel were in the woolen business in Lime street in London.

In November, 1764, Cushing refers to a petition from the Council and House of Representatives to the House of Commons in which "they have expressly asserted their exclusive right of taxing themselves and have endeavored to prove that the subjects here ought not to be taxed without their consent, either in person and by their representatives." Also to the matter of a successor to Mauduit in the agency and to a dispute as to the boundaries between Massachusetts and the provinces of New York and Connecticut.

Cushing writes to Mauduit again, November 17, 1764. It was a letter of introduction to Bela Lincoln, son of a member of the Council and himself a member of the House of Representatives from the town of Sherburne, and contains the opinion that the House was for a clear declaration of the right of the people to tax themselves, but that the Council would not go so far, and therefore that the petition sent was in the nature of a compromise.

The General Court sent a long communication to Jasper Mauduit under date of November 28, 1764, in which the opinion was expressed that the duty laid upon molasses was so high as to amount to an absolute prohibition. It was thought that with no duty, there might be a profit of a penny a gallon on rum, but with a duty of three pence there would be a loss of two pence. The restriction upon other branches of trade are also touched upon.

Charles Chauncy writes three letters. He was a great grandson of Charles Chauncy, President of Harvard College, and was Pastor of the First Church at the age of twenty-two and for sixty years. He was attached to the civil and religious liberty of the country and firmly con

vinced of the justice of the cause of the Colonies. Next to Jonathan Edwards and Jonathan Mayhew, he was the most widely known among the great New England divines. In 1766, he preached a sermon on the occasion of the repeal of the stamp act from the text, "As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

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John Adams, in speaking of stoicism, refers to a declaration of our excellent and blessed, though once passionate Dr. Chauncy, that he had "found by experience that a man could lie all night upon his pillow under the most excruciating torment of toothache, headache, rheumatism and gout, unable to sleep a wink, without uttering a groan, sigh or syllable." Speaking of the proposed charter to another college, Chauncy expresses the opinion that Governor Bernard would not grant it, and adds: "it will be ruinous to the Province in a religious as well as civil respect, should the Governor be allowed to grant charters by his own single power." Chauncy also conveys the information that Bollan is only a "complimental" friend of Mauduit, and that Oliver is a friend of Bollan's friends.

Chauncy writes Jasper Mauduit under date of May 4, 1763, commends him for "getting the money our late agent was not able to do," and expresses the opinion that the General Court, as well as others, thought that Mauduit had more influence than Bollan. He also speaks of the incorporation of the new society to work for the conversion of the heathen as something to be desired and forwarded, and expresses surprise that the Archbishop of Canterbury and the "Society for the propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts" should oppose the incorporation. He again writes Mauduit May 6, 1763, upon the same subject.

Jasper Mauduit contributes four letters. In October, 1762, to Harrison Gray, Treasurer and Receiver General

of the Province, he "Commends the zeal shown by the gentlemen of the Province in the conversion of the Canadian Indians."

In April, 1763, he writes to the Speaker as to payments for the Province for military service in connection with which he desired to have his brother's assistance, says that the bill for lowering the duty on French molasses has been put off another year; sends his accounts to Secretary Oliver in April, 1764, and says - in October that, because of his ill health, he wishes an agent appointed in his place. January 24, 1765, Richard Jackson was appointed; Mauduit turned over all his papers by May 1, 1765. The General Court allowed him the usual commission on money expended and paid him £100 per year salary during his term of service. This drew from Mauduit an indignant letter to the Speaker, dated London, September 4, 1765, in which he says that he regards the offer of £100 a year salary as an affront. After an enumeration of his various services, he says, "I will not accept of a vote which, in the terms of it, appears to me to carry insult added to ingratitude."

Harrison Gray writes eight letters in regard to financial matters. He was Treasurer of the Province, and apparently somewhat weak and vacillating. "Gray," said John Adams, "has a very tender mind, is extremely timid," and adds: “In 1764, 1765, Harrison Gray, Esq., Treasurer of the Province, was as open and decided an American as James Otis. In 1766, Dr. Mayhew, who has been an oracle to the Treasurer, died and left him without a mentor. Had Mayhew lived, it is believed that Gray would never have been a refugee. But the seducers prevailed, though he had connected his blood with an Otis by marrying his beautiful daughter to a brother of the Great Patriot, James

Otis, Jr." There is also an extract from a letter from General Amherst to his Excellency the Governor, dated New York, October 31, 1762, dealing with certificates of the number of troops levied, clothed, etc., by each Province, in 1760, 1761, 1762.

General Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, as Major General, commanded at the capture of Cape Breton and took Ticonderoga from the French in 1759. He had an important part in the conquest of Canada in 1760, and was Commander in Chief of armies in America until 1763, when he was appointed Governor of Virginia.

Timothy Ruggles, Speaker in 1762-3, wrote two letters to Jasper Mauduit. Ruggles was one of the best lawyers in the Province. In 1758-60, he was Brigadier General under Lord Amherst, was leader of the King's party in the General Court and Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1759 he kept a tavern in Sandwich and practiced law, dividing the business with the elder Otis. When the British troops evacuated Boston in 1775, he went with them.

He writes Mauduit under date of January 29, 1763, and says, among other things, that motives of economy prevented the appointment of Israel Mauduit as associate agent; but it appears that the House on January 17, and the Council on January 19, joined Israel Mauduit to the agency upon the "express condition that the Colony be put to no further expense for the Agency, than if this appointment had not been made."

He again writes to Jasper Mauduit under date of Boston, February 22, 1763, in regard to the stoppage by Bollan of sums of money out of the Parliamentary grants.

Andrew Eliot writes Jasper Mauduit one letter under date of June 1, 1763, transmitting a vote of thanks from

the Overseers of Harvard College for his interest in its behalf. He also speaks with regret of the fact that "the Act incorporating a number of persons into a Society for propagating the Gospel among the Indians is not likely to have the royal approbation," and with satisfaction that "we have an agent . . . by whom we can so easily apply to the body of our dissenting Brethren in England."

Eliot was pastor of New North Church in 1742, member of the Board of Overseers and of the Corporation of Harvard College and once elected President of the College, but declined the appointment.

Israel Mauduit wrote a letter from Lime Street to an undesignated correspondent, dated February 14, 1764. He speaks of receiving pamphlets on the controversy between Mayhew and his opponents and of his interest in promoting a bill in Parliament for the encouragement of the whale fishery.

Israel Mauduit was a more prominent and apparently an abler man than his brother Jasper. He was an English political writer, educated as a dissenting minister, and partner with his brother in the woolen-drapers business in Lime Street. In 1760 he wrote a pamphlet, which attracted much attention, entitled Occasional Thoughts on the Present German War, and he continued an active controversialist on colonial affairs until 1778.

Among the papers in this collection is the petition of Samuel Harnden addressed to His Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq., his Majesty's Captain General and Governor in Chief in and over the Province aforesaid and viceAdmiral of the same; The Hon'ble his Majesty's Council and the House of Representatives of the said Province in General Court Assembled at Boston, May 25, 1763. The humble petition of Samuel Harnden of Woolwich in the

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