when Sullivan's bridge was completed. Of course the erection of the dam when the canal was built has altered the river lines.

Varnum's Brigade.- General Varnum's Brigade lay to the east of the redoubt on both sides of the road. The Park

Commission has erected the brigade marker on the slope of the old earthwork. It bears the following inscription:

CONTINENTAL ARMY

DIVISION

VARNUM'S BRIGADE

BRIG. GENERAL JAMES M. VARNUM
COMMANDING

IST REGIMENT RHODE ISLAND INFANTRY, COL. CHRISTOPHER GREENE
2D REGIMENT RHODE ISLAND INFANTRY, COL. ISRAEL ANGELL
4TH REGIMENT CONNECTICUT INFANTRY, COL. JOHN DURKEE
8TH REGIMENT CONNECTICUT INFANTRY, COL. JOHN CHANDLER

The Defenders' Gate.-Beyond the Star Redoubt is the lodge of "The Defenders' Gate," a national monument to

the defenders of the Union-the heroes of three wars and the patriots of the Republic. This is at the entrance to the Washington Memorial Cemetery, a part of which will be devoted to the interment of veterans of the Civil War and the War with Spain.

The Defenders' Gate, when completed, will correspond with the "Cloister of the Colonies," a short distance away, and will be one of the noblest monuments on this sacred spot. It will include the gateway, waiting room and superintendent's lodge. The piers to the east of the lodge are a part of the “Lincoln Arch" which is being erected by the Grand Army of the Republic, contributions being made for this purpose by the Posts throughout the country.

That such a memorial as the Defenders' Gate is fitting no one can question who knows what Valley Forge is in American life and progress. At the time of the Albany Congress, as far back as 1754, Benjamin Franklin was working for the union of the Colonies. In his Pennsylvania Gazette appeared a rude cut of a snake whose dissevered parts represented the Colonies, and under this were the words, "Unite or Die." When the American soldiers marched up the Gulph Road to Valley Forge they were the armies of Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, etc. When they marched across Sullivan's Bridge they were the Army of the United States of America. Here the Declaration of Independence which proclaimed a new empire was realized first in a united army.

The Gate will occupy a commanding site in full view of the course taken by that united army, whose efforts resulted in a free and united people.

President Roosevelt's Valley Forge Address.One phase of the relation of the men of Valley Forge to the defenders of the Union was set forth in the address made by President Roosevelt in the temporary Washington Memorial Chapel on Evacuation Day, 1904. He said:

"If the men of '61 had failed in the great struggle for national unity it would have meant that the work done by Washington and his associates might almost or quite as well have been left undone. There would have been no point in com

memorating what was done at Valley Forge if Gettysburg had not given us the national right to commemorate it. If we were now split up into a dozen wrangling little communities, if we lacked the power to keep away here on our continent, within our own lines, or to show ourselves a unit as against foreign

aggression, then, indeed the Declaration of Independence would read like empty sound, and the Constitution would not be worth the paper upon which it was written, save as a study for antiquarians."

The Washington Memorial Cemetery.-The Park Commission has located so many graves that there is no longer any doubt that these hills are a vast cemetery in which lie the remains of the martyrs of '77 and '78. Associated in loca

tion and thought is the Washington Memorial Cemetery-consecrated as God's Acre. This is the property of the congregation of the Washington Memorial Chapel, for the interment of its members, but it will be conducted as a general cemetery on modern lines. Most generously the congregation has devoted one acre for the interment of veterans of the Civil War and their widows, and another for the veterans of the SpanishAmerican War and their widows. This provision for the soldiers' widows is as beautiful as it is unusual.

To keep the cemetery in the best of order perpetually a large percentage of all the money received from the sale of lots will be added to the Endowment Fund. Information in regard to the lots in the cemetery may be obtained at the Lodge. A driveway has been made from the Gate to the Chapel, passing under the Virginia Bay in the Cloister of the Colonies. is open to the public, and affords a pleasant detour.

This

Soldiers' Huts.-The woodland, the property of the Hon. William Uhler Hensel, is one of the most interesting spots in the whole encampment. At the beginning of the wood turn to the left and follow the woodland road. Within a few steps you will reach a depression in the earth. This is the first of the hut-holes or "cellars" as they are called. It is the site of one of the huts which were built by the soldiers, and still shows the outline and size of the building. You are now standing on one of the company streets, and to the right and left as you advance other hut-holes will be seen. Almost at the end of the street, there being only two holes beyond, stands the hut erected by the Daughters of the Revolution. Above the door is a tablet bearing the following inscription:

ON THIS SPOT STOOD ONE OF THE HUTS