Apology as having been printed in Latin in 1619 and in English in 1644; but I can find no allusion to a controversy with Episcopius, a passage relating to which Mr. Young has copied (p. 42) from the second edition of Hoornbeeck, printed at Leyden in 1658. Is it not probable that the fame of this discussion had not reached Hoornbeeck at Utrecht, but that he first heard of it at Leyden, to which place he removed in the same year that his first edition was published?

The second notice is in 1687, in Horn's Historia Ecclesiastica, published during that year at Leyden. This book, however, must be well known in America. Prince refers frequently to it, and also Young, in his notes. Speaking of the Separatists, he mentions Brown, then Barrow, Johnson, and Smith, and continues,-"Ita languentem et animam agentem Separatismum restituit* Robinsonus, Pastor Leidensis, doctissimus ac modestissimus omnium Separatistarum, qui ab Amesio et Parkero in viam revocatus, rigidas Separatistarum opiniones mitigavit et Semi-Separatismum fundavit. Et hic Robinsonus verus author Independentium hodiernorum et in nova et in veteri Anglia est. De quibus hoc in universum tenendum est: eos in doctrina nihil vel parum, in nullo saltem articulo fundamentali discrepare ab aliis Reformatis Ecclesiis. Cæterum majorem puritatem, vitæ sanctitatem ac perfectionem præ se ferunt."

In Memorabilia Ecclesiastica Seculi Decimi Septimi, per And. Carolum, published at Tübingen in 1697, is a short notice of Robinson, which is compiled from Hoornbeeck's second edition and from Horn. He has the statement given in Young, p. 453, that the widow, children, and friends were received into the Dutch church.

In Hoffinan's Lexicon Universale, Lugduni Bat., 1698, Vol. IV., p. 74, is a notice of Henry Robinson, in which part of the above section of text from Horn appears. Under the head, "Separatistæ, nomen secta in Anglia," he mentions Brown, Smith, and Robinson, and copies again a part of the foregoing paragraph of Horn, to whom he refers as authority. Under "Independentes "a long notice is given, compiled also from Horn, in which the name of Robinson is mentioned.

In the Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Kunste, Leipzig, 1724, in 24 vols., folio, John Robinson is mentioned as an English preacher who left his fatherland on account of persecution. "Er wird auch von seinen Freunden gerühmet, dass er fromm und gelehrt gewesen, auch von denen Leydnischen Professoren sehr hoch gehalten, und seine Apologie überaus allen Gottesgelehrten zu recommendiren sey." The article continues by stating, that, after Robinson's death, his congregation went to New England, whence many returned during the time of Cromwell. For this last statement his authority is Arnold's Kirch Historie; for that in regard to the Leyden professors, he refers to Hoornbeeck, Lib. X., p. 775.

After this, all the notices of Robinson that I met with in Dutch books were drawn either from Hoffman's Lexicon, or directly from Horn. Some notices in more recent works are taken from Neal's

"Optimam operam navavit in refutandis Arminianis. Extat ipsius Apologia moderata, docta, brevis. Independentismus Democratia est, desinens in avagxiav, perimens Jura Regiminis Ecclesiastici, Presbyterii, Classium, Synodorum, quæ tamen Scripturaria sunt, et defendenda contra Episcopatus hodierni Hierachiam." - pp. 398, 399.

History of the Puritans, which, as I have before stated, was translated into Dutch by Jan Ross, and published in 1752, under the title, Historie der Rechtzinninge Puriteinen.

NOTE F.

THERE is in the writings of the Pilgrims no allusion, I believe, to the individuals who composed the magistracy of Leyden. Should any such be found at a future day, the following list of those officers for the years 1609 and 1620 will perhaps not be without interest. It is taken from Orler's History of Leyden, p. 650.

MEMOIR OF GAMALIEL BRADFORD, M. D.

BY CONVERS FRANCIS, D. D.

THE name of Bradford stands in an honored place on the records of New England history. From WILLIAM BRADFORD, the ancient governor of the Plymouth colony, a man in the front rank of the Puritan worthies,Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, of whom a brief notice is here to be given, was a lineal descendant, in the sixth generation. He was the son of Gamaliel Bradford, Esq., a gentleman who, by intellectual culture, manly courage, and the best qualities of a generous heart, won a high place in the respect of the wise and good.*

Dr. Bradford was born in Boston, November 17th, 1795. At the early age of twelve years, he had passed through the preparation usual at that time for admission to Harvard University. But, as he was deemed too young to meet the duties and hazards of a college life, he accompanied his father on a voyage to the southern part of Europe, and was placed in a Catholic seminary at Messina, where he remained nine months. The winter of 1808-9 he spent in London, and in the ensuing spring returned to Boston. His studies were continued at home, and in 1810 he entered Harvard University. Without the' impulse of a strong ambition for the literary honors of college, his unquestioned talents, classical attainments, and keen intellectual activity gave him a highly respect

* See a Memoir of him in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, 3d series, Vol. I., p. 202.

able position among the good scholars of his class. At the Commencement in 1814, when he was graduated, he delivered an English poem, which, as well as his poetry on other occasions, afforded gratifying evidence that he had not courted the Muses in vain.

Leaving college with the preparation of a ripened and richly furnished mind, Dr. Bradford selected for his calling the medical profession. While pursuing the studies of that department, he was occasionally engaged in the business of private instruction, and for one year held the office of assistant teacher in the Boston Latin School. In the winter of 1818, after a diligent attendance as a medical student at the almshouse, he was seized with the typhus fever, which prevailed at that place, and for several weeks his life was in great danger. He always thought that his constitution never wholly recovered from the shock of that illness.

In the autumn of 1819, he went abroad in pursuit of the objects of his professional education, and attended the medical lectures at the University of Edinburgh. He returned in the spring of 1820, and commenced practice as a physician in Boston. In March, 1821, he was married to Sophia Rice, daughter of Colonel Nathan Rice, who had faithfully served his country as a major in the Revolutionary army, and was held in high esteem wherever he was known. Dr. Bradford found in the virtues and the devoted affection, of his wife a blessing beyond all price, especially under the trials which afterwards fell to his lot. A few months before his marriage, he had removed to Cambridge, where a more rapid progress seemed to be promised in his professional business than could be expected by a young physician in the city. During the winter of 1824-5, he delivered an excellent course of lectures on physiology in Boston, in connection with Dr. John Ware. In the autumn of 1826, he left Cambridge and returned to Boston. The following year, he gave up the medical profession, in the science of which few were so thoroughly versed, however its details of practice might be ill suited to his taste or temperament. He then undertook the management of a large brewery in South Boston, to the superintendence of which he de

voted himself with great industry and fidelity. While Dr. Spurzheim was in Boston, Dr. Bradford, who was always a decided and strenuous adversary to the doctrines of phrenology, delivered three lectures on the subject, distinguished for scientific clearness and ability. The business of the brewery he continued till 1833; and, within a few months after he left it, he received the appointment of Superintendent of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. The important and sometimes perplexing duties of that station he discharged in a spirit of vigilance, faithfulness, and strict firmness, alike honorable to himself and happy for the institution.

For some time Dr. Bradford had been suffering under a malady which filled the hearts of his friends with sad apprehensions. It was in 1832 that his health was first assailed by fits of epilepsy. These increased in frequency and severity from year to year. Hoping to find some wholesome and relieving influence from a voyage, he went the Mediterranean in October, 1838, and was absent four months. But his failing health was not restored or assisted; and on the 22d of October, 1839, an epileptic attack of unusual severity terminated his life, at the age of forty-four years.

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Every one acquainted with the intellectual character of Dr. Bradford will remember that he knew how to make the best use of the stores of an amply furnished mind. Few men could better sift the learning connected with any subject, so as to detach the available matter from a mixed mass. The steady clearness of intellectual vision for which he was remarkable enabled him to bring and keep before his view both the near and the remote bearings of a question. In conversing with him, one was often surprised to find in how few words he would lay open lines of thought before unnoticed, but now seen to be avenues to important truth. For all that ever wore the semblance of quackery or pretence he had a strong dislike, which expressed itself with severe honesty. A sham, however disguised under solemn forms or veiled with stately words, found little mercy at his hands. He appreciated well the meaning of the saying, that "Reasons and reason are different things." It was his habit to sub