Upon the petition of the "discontented persons" Judge Davis remarks, in his notes to Morton (p. 236), that "they do not appear so malignant or unreasonable as they were esteemed when they were in agitation"; and another historian, Backus, looks with equally lenient eyes at the proceedings of Gorton and his companions. (See History of New England, by Isaac Backus, Vol. I., pp. 195-204.) The colony had, however, been attacked; Winslow was to defend it; and in its defence the Brief Narration was written.

....

It was in this that first appeared that remarkable sermon, said to have been delivered by Robinson, at the parting of the Pilgrims from their brethren in Holland. Of this sermon the learned Judge Davis remarks (note, p. 29, Morton's New England's Memorial):-"It would be a culpable omission not to insert in this connection Mr. Robinson's exhortation to his people, in his fast sermon in July, 1620, ' which breathes,' says Dr. Belknap, a noble spirit of Christian liberty, and gives a just idea of the sentiments of this excellent divine, whose charity was the more conspicuous because of his former narrow principles, and the general bigotry of the reformed ministers and churches of that day.' It is difficult to explain why this excellent advice was not preserved in the Memorial, or copied, as were many other documents of less interest, into the church records. ... The following extract is copied from Dr. Belknap's life of Robinson; he quotes Neal's History of New England as his authority." Judge Davis states that "Mr. Prince gives an extract of this exhortation from Winslow's relation." But the extract" of Prince is all that either Neal or Belknap gives. If the sermon, as in Neal (p. 83), be compared with the extract in Prince (p. 89), or with the original of Winslow in Young's Pilgrims (p. 396), it will be seen that they are the same, that the whole sermon as given by Neal is no longer than the extract given by Prince, and that the only difference is in the change of the third person, used by Winslow, to the first person, used by Neal. Neal has given no authority for this sermon. Hutchinson says (in his preface to his first volume), that Neal's book "is little more than an abridgment of Dr. Mather"; and if we turn to Cotton Mather, we shall find (Book I., p. 14, fol. edit.) the sermon in the form which Neal, Belknap, and others, have copied. Cotton Mather gives no authority, but he has evidently drawn. from Winslow, changing the person and form, and rounding off some sentences to produce more effect, but without adding a single idea. The finding a text seems to have been done by Neal, who appropriates that from Ezra viii. 21, which Governor Bradford gives in his journal as the text of a sermon preached by Robinson before their departure from Holland. Mather speaks also of this sermon and text from Ezra (p. 6), but mentions it as if different from the often quoted sermon, which he gives in another place. Was that sermon ever preached by Robinson? The only authority which can be found for it is Winslow, and he gives, in an informal manner, twenty-six years after the time when the discourse is supposed to have been pronounced, that which forms the groundwork of the sermon in Mather, Neal, and others. Had Winslow taken notes of this discourse at the time, one may well be surprised, with the learned Judge Davis, that its "excellent advice was not copied, as were many other documents of less interest, into the church records.". Had he taken no notes, his memory must have been of a superior order to enable him to write out a discourse which

he had listened to twenty-six years before. But he does not pretend to give us a positive discourse, in the manner of Mather, but says, Amongst other wholesome instructions and exhortations, he [Mr. Robinson] used these expressions, or to the same purpose." (Young's Pilgrims, p. 396.)

NOTE C.Page 56.

BURIAL OF ROBINSON.

Or the inscription in the Blaffaarden van de Hoofd-Kerken, recording the receipt of nine florins for the opening and hire of a tomb for Robinson, the following is a fac-simile, certified by Dr. Dermout, to whom I have before alluded, and by Mr. de Pecker.

Translation.

** 1625

[See fac-simile on opposite page.]

10 March-Open and hire for John Robens, English

preacher

9 florins."

The volume from which this is taken is, as I have mentioned before, the record of church receipts. In the Gravenboeck, or book of interments, which was deposited in the Stadt Huis in 1812, the following record appears of Robinson's interment.

' 1625

4 Maart-Jan Roelends, Predicant van de Engelsche
Gemeente, by het Klockhuijs, - begraven
in de Pieter's Kerk."

Translation.

John Roelends, Preacher of the English sect,
by the Belfry, buried in the Peter's Church.

The words "by the Belfry" allude to the residence of the deceased, which is mentioned against the name of each person. Near the Belfry of Leyden there was a large square, on one side of which alone were a few houses; so that such a direction was perhaps sufficiently explicit. The Church of St. Peter is the oldest in Leyden, and the date of the first building is now quite unknown. In September, 1121, Godebald, twenty-fourth bishop of Utrecht, consecrated it by the name of St. Peter and St. Paul, and in 1339 it was much enlarged. (See Orlers's History of Leyden.) It contains now several monuments, among them, one to Boerhaven, one to Scaliger, &c.

NOTE D.- Page 57.

ADMISSION TO THE UNIVERSITY.

AN old book, printed at Leyden in 1713, entitled Les Délices de Leide, gives the following account of the privileges enjoyed by the students.

"Les etudians aussi quels qu'ils soient, y'ont beaucoup de beaux Privileges; comme d'avoir tous les mois, sans payer les Droits de l'Etat et de la Ville, chacun une demi-Tonne de Biere, et tous les trois mois vingt stoopen de Vin (chaque Stoop contient quatre pintes) et d'n'être jugés dans leurs diverses querelles et différens que par le Recteur Magnifique, quatre Assesseurs, quatre Bourgemaitres et deux Echevins (Scheepenen) quand même il y aûroit en quelque meurtre; et autres libertez. Les personnes de la plus haute qualité, Princes, Comtes, Marquis, Barons, &c., &c., se font un honneur d'y voir paroître leur Nom et d'avoir été sujets de l'Academie."- p. 71. These fine privileges" continued to be enjoyed by the students until 1795, when, in the movement that followed in Holland the French Revolution, all old chartered privileges of a similar nature were brokThe magisterial powers possessed by the University had, however, long previously to that time, given annoyance to the town'speople of Leyden, and produced, perhaps, as many heart-burnings as one sees existing at the present day between the academical and municipal officers of Cambridge and Oxford.

en up.

The following is the record of Robinson's admission to the University of Leyden, certified by Dr. Kist, one of the professors of the University.

"In albo Civium Academiæ Lugdvno-Batavæ, die 5° Septembris, Anni 1615, inscriptus est, Consulum permissu:

"Joannes Robintsonus, Anglus, Ana, XXXIX, Stud. Theol. alit familiam.'

In the MSS. catalogue of the University Library at Leyden, the name of Robinson does not appear, neither is it in the old printed catalogue of 1750. In the Royal Library at Paris is a Latin copy of his Apology, dated 1619, though no other books appear against his name.

The earliest notice of Robinson that I can find in any work printed in Holland is one given twenty-eight years after his death, by John Hoornbeeck, in his book, Summa Controversiarum Religionis, Trajecti ad Rhenum (Utrecht), 1653. In his tenth chapter he devotes nearly a hundred pages to the Brownists, and, speaking of Robinson, says,"Optimus inter illos fuit, de quo postremum dicendus, Johannes Robinsonus, quoque Leidensium Separatistarum Minister, vir supra reliquos probus atque eruditus." He speaks of Ames and Parker as having mollified Robinson in some degree, although he would not allow entire communion with the Dutch church; and mentions Robinson's