The Chronological Historian

farm, twelve men, not aware of the danger, ventured too close in undermining the bank, which suddenly fell in, and completely buried them; four were dug out quite dead, four with their arms and. legs broken, and the other four dreadfully bruised.

July 31. A fire broke out at a button maker's in Gutter-lane; the family were out of town at the time, but a young man left in care of the business was so much burnt in endeavouring to save his master's papers, that he expired shortly afterwards. The house was burnt to the ground.

The marquis of Wellington created field marshal.

August 11. Died, Henry James Pye, esq. poet laureat, in his 69th year.

August 17. An awful event occurred at Bodmin; on the arrival of the judges, Sir V. Gibbs and baron Graham, they attended, as is usual, to hear divine service; Dr. Pomeroy, who was to preach, had scarcely entered the reading desk, when he fell down and suddenly expired.

August 23. Nicholson, the murderer of Mr. and Mrs. Bonar, was executed on Pennenden-heath; he persisted to the last that he had no motive to commit the crime, and that it was, as he had repeatedly de clared, the effect of sudden impulse.

Died, at Philadelphia, Alexander Wilson, author of "American Ornithology."

August 26. Lord Whitworth, the newly appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland, arrived in Dublin, and was received with the customary honours.

The rev. William Howley, D. D., promoted to the bishoprick of London.

August 28. A treaty of amity and defensive alliance was signed between Austria and Russia, at Toeplitz.

August 31. The strong fortress of St. Sebastian, after a lengthened siege, was taken by the British and Spanish troops by storm; the castle surrendered on the 8th Sept. with 1836 French troops.

Sept. 3. Died, general Moreau, he was in the act of giving some opinion on military matters while passing with the emperor of Russia behind a Prussian battery, when a ball struck his thigh, almost carried one of his legs off, passed through

his horse, and shattered his other leg; after suffering amputation of both legs, he died from exhaustion.

Sept. 7. The Prussians and Swedes, under the Crown Prince, defeated the French, under marshal Ney, at Dennevitz, with great loss.

Sept. 13. Sweden issued a declaration of war against Denmark.

Sept. 14. Bremen captured by a Russian force under general Tettenborn.

Sept. 19. Drowned in the river Elster, during the retreat of the French army after the battle of Leipsic, prince Poniatowski, nephew to Stanislaus Augustus, the last king of Poland.

Sept. 24. Died, M. Gretrey, the cele brated musical composer, aged 92. Sept. 26. A Saxon battalion deserted to the Allies.

Sept. 28. At Fatfield, near Chester le Street, a coal mine exploded, and killed upwards of 30 men and boys.

The right hon. the earl of Aberdeen appointed minister plenipotentiary to the court of Vienna, and the hon. Frederick Lamb secretary to the embassy.

Lieut. general the earl of Dalhousie, lieut. general the hon. William Stewart, major general G. Murray, and major general the hon. E.M. Pakenham, created extra knights of the Bath.

Sept. 30. Cassel was taken by general Czernicheff.

Oct. 7. The marquis of Wellington, with the army under his command, crossed the Bidassoa, and forced the enemy's entrenchments at Andaye, the Puerto de Vera, and La Rhune.

Oct. 16. General Blucher attacked the French army under the command of Marmont and Ney, and completely defeated them, with the loss of 40 pieces of cannon, and 12,000 killed, wounded, and prisoners; the battle took place near Lindenthal.

Oct. 17. The king of Bavaria joined the Allies against the French.

Oct. 18. The whole combined force of the Allies attacked the grand French army and its allies, commanded by Bonaparte in person, in the neighbourhood of Leipsic, and obtained a complete victory; the enemy lost 60,000 men, in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The whole of the Saxon army joined the allies, and also the Bavarian and Wirtemberg troops; after the battle the town of Leipsic was attacked, and carried after a short resistance.

Oct. 31. Pamplona surrendered to the Spaniards, under the command of Don Carlos D'Espana.

Nov. 1. The cannon captured from the

French in their retreat from Moscow, consisting of 1195 pieces, are destined to construct two colossal pillars, one at Moscow, and the other at Petersburgh, as a lasting memorial of the defeat of the projects of the French ruler.

Nov. 2. Napoleon arrived with the remains of his army at Mentz.

Nov. 4. The prince Regent went in state to the House of Peers, and opened the Parliament with a speech from the throne.

Nov. 5. The emperor Alexander entered Frankfort; he was soon after followed by the emperor of Austria, king of Prussia, king of Bavaria, &c. &c.

Nov. 6. The crown prince of Sweden took possession of Hanover, in the name of his Britannic majesty.

Nov. 8. Died, the right rev. Spencer Madan, lord bishop of Peterborough.

Nov. 10. Lord Wellington ordered a movement of the allied army, which had for its object to force the centre of the enemy's position on the village of Sarre, and establish the allied army on the rear of their right, which rested upon the sea, in front of St. Jean de Luz. Sir R. Hill directed the right, and marshal Beresford the centre. Their operations begun at day-break, and their variety, with the resistance experienced, caused it to be night when the army gained the rear of the enemy's right. On the next morning, the French were pursued across the Nivelle, and on the following night they retired to an entrenched camp in front of Bayonne.

Nov. 11. Lieut. colonel Morrison repulsed an attack of the Americans, near Williamsburg.

Lord Castlereagh obtained leave to bring in a bill for augmenting the disposable military force of the country, by volunteering from the militia. The bill, after going through the usual stages, was passed in both Houses.

Nov. 12. The French garrison of Dresden, commanded by marshal Gouvion St. Cyr, quitted that city, in consequence of a capitulation with general Klenau, by which they were to be marched to France and there exchanged, with an engagement not to serve against the Allies for six months; but the commander in chief, prince Schwartzenberg, refused to ratify the treaty, and made the offer to the Marshal of re-entering the place; this he declined, and submitted to the condition of surrendering himself and his men prisoners of war. The garrison amounted to about 40,000 men. Nov. 15. A revolution took place in Holland, the people of Amsterdam rose in

a body, and put up the Orange colours, and with the ancient cry of "Orange boven," proclaimed the sovereignty of that house. The example of the capital was followed by the other principal towns of Holland; which the French troops were compelled to evacuate.

Nov. 20. The nineteen Swiss cantons issued a declaration of neutrality.

Nov. 21. A deputation arrived in London from Holland, inviting the prince of Orange to return.

Stettin surrendered to the Allies.

Nov. 23. A body of Cossacks presented itself before Amsterdam, and was admitted into the city on the following day.

Nov. 28. The prince of Orange embarked at Deal for Holland, on board the Warrior, of 74 guns, accompanied by earl Clancarty. He landed on the 30th at Scheveling.

Nov. 29. The Dutch prisoners, 10,000 in number, were ordered to be sent to assist in liberating their country from the domination of France.

Robert Southey, esq. appointed poet laureat, in the room of H. J. Pye, deceased. Sir V. Gibbs, appointed chief baron of the exchequer.

Sir R. Dallas appointed chief justice of the court of Common Pleas.

Their royal highnesses the dukes of Cumberland and Cambridge promoted to the rank of field marshals.

Nov. 30. The Prussian general Bulow took Arnhein by storm, and put the garrison to the sword.

Dec. 1. The Allied Sovereigns issued a declaration at Frankfort, in which they affirmed that they did not make war upon France, but against the preponderance exercised by the emperor Napoleon beyond the limits of his empire; that the first use they made of victory was to offer him peace upon conditions founded on the independence of the French empire as well as on that of the other states of Europe; that they desire that France may be great, powerful, and happy, and that they con firm to the French empire an extent of territory which France under her Kings never knew; that wishing also to be free, tranquil, and happy themselves, they desire a state of peace, which by a just equilibrium of strength may preserve their people from the calamities which have overwhelmed Europe for the last twenty years, and they will not lay down their arms till they have obtained.this beneficial result.

Dec. 2. The prince of Orange made his solemn entry into Amsterdam, when he

declared his acceptance of the sovereignty, and the title of Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands.

The crown prince of Sweden having crossed the Elbe, made dispositions for attacking marshal Davoust on the line of the Stecknitz; he did not, however, wait the assault, but withdrew in the night across the Bille, and retreated to Hamburgh.

General Blucher crossed the Rhine at Cologne and Coblentz, and advanced towards Nancy, in Lorrain.

Dec. 3. His royal highness the prince Regent gave a splendid dinner to the gentlemen deputed by the emperor of Russia to confer upon his Royal Highness the various orders of Russian knighthood.

Dec. 6. The French general Lallemand evacuated Lubeck with his garrison, and it was taken possession of by the Swedish general Stedingk.

Dec. 7. A proclamation was issued for a public fast and thanksgiving on the 13th of January next.

Dec. 8. Zuyder Zee taken possession of by the British, and the French authorities driven out.

Dec. 9. The right of the allied army under Sir R. Hill passed the Nive at one point, while the sixth division passed at another, and drove the French from their entrenchments. A series of movements ensued, during the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, connected with the passage of this river, in which the French made several desperate attacks upon parts of the allied army, which were repelled with great gallantry; the general result was, that having failed in all their attacks, they withdrew to their entrenchments. Lord Wellington stated the loss of the British and Portuguese, in those days, to be between four and five thousand men, in killed, wounded, and missing. Of the Spanish were returned five killed and 21 wounded.

Dec. 11. The crown prince of Sweden fixed his head quarters at Neumunster, on the Danish frontier.

A treat was signed at Valency, in France, between the emperor Napoleon and king Ferdinand of Spain, the basis of which was the liberation of the captive monarch's person and the integrity of his dominions. Dec. 12. The Americans evacuated Fort George, and made a hasty retreat across the river, burning the town of Newark as they fled.

Dec. 13. A fire broke out on the premises of Jones and Co. timber merchants, in King-street, Southwark, which destroyed

the whole property, and a varnish maker's contiguous; fourteen other houses fell a prey to the flames before the fire could be subdued.

Dec. 16. The Crown Prince was at Kell. The Danish army commanded by the prince of Hesse, having forced their way to Rendsburg, were there surrounded by the Allies, an armistice was granted to the Danes, on the condition that Holstein, and the part of Schleswic bordering on the Eyder, were to remain in the possession of the Allies.

Dec. 17. The American congress passed an act imposing an embargo on all vessels in the ports of the United States.

Dec. 19. The British army under general Drummond surprised and took fort Niagara, in America.

His royal highness the duke of Cambridge, accompanied by count Munster, arrived at Hanover, and was received with great enthusiasm by the people and constituted authorities; by a treaty with Prussia, the principality of Hildesheim was annexed to the Electorate.

Dec. 21. Prince Schwartzenberg appeared upon the Swiss frontier, and addressed a proclamation to the inhabitants of Switzerland; the Austrian forces then crossed the Rhine, at Schaffhausen, Basle, and intermediate places, and proceeded on their march to Vessoul, in FrancheCompte.

Dec. 24. The Austrian general count Bubna entered Berne, in Switzerland, when the ancient government of the cantons was restored.

Dec. 26. Napoleon issued a decree announcing the appointment of 30 commissioners extraordinary, armed with powers relative to providing and organizing the means of defence.

Dec. 27. Lord viscount Castlereagh set off with his suite and secretaries for the continent, with full powers and instructions respecting the interest of Great Britain and its allies.

Dec. 30. The American army under general Hull was completely defeated by the British on the Niagara frontier.

Dec. 31. A dense fog prevailed the whole of the last week in London, and for many miles round; the mails and other conveyances were delayed, and many accidents happened.

The earl of Clancarty appointed ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the prince of Orange.

Serjeant Shepherd appointed his Majes: ty's solicitor general.

PRINCIPAL ACTS PASSED THIS YEAR.

To alter and amend several acts passed in the present reign relating to the redemp

tion of the national debt.

in England and Scotland respectively, as To repeal so much of several acts passed empowers justices of the peace to rate wages, or set prices of work for artificers, labourers, or craftsmen.

For repealing two acts which prohibit the exportation of brass and other metal from England.

To explain and amend 7 and 8 William III. as far as relates to the splitting and dividing the interest in houses and land among several persons, to enable them to vote at elections of members of Parlia

ment.

For amending and rendering more effec