0.

the keel as the pea. Mostly found in the class Diadelphia.

Ob. A word which, prefixed to other Papil'lose. Covered with protuberances. terms, denotes the inversion of the usual Pappus. The down of seeds, as the danposition; as, obcordate, inversely cor- delion; a feathery appendage. See date. Egret. Obcon'ic. Conic with the point down- Parasit'ic. Growing on another plant and wards. deriving nourishment from it. Paren'chyma. A succulent vegetable substance; the cellular substance; the thick part of leaves between the opposite surfaces; the pulpy part of fruits, as in the apple, &c.

Obcor'date. Heart-shaped with the point downwards.

Oblance'olate. Lanceolate with the base the narrowest.

Oblique. A position between horizontal and vertical.

Oblong. Longer than oval, with the sides parallel.

Obo'vate. Ovate with the narrowest end towards the stem, or place of insertion. Ob'solete. Indistinct, appearing as if worn

out.

Obtu'se. Blunt, rounded, not acute.
Odora'tus. Scented, odorous.

Partial. Used in distinction to general. Parti'tion. The membrane which divides pericarps into cells, called the dissepiment. It is parallel when it unites with the valves where they unite with each other. It is contrary or transverse when it meets a valve in the middle or in any part not at its suture.

Parted. Deeply divided; more than cleft. Officinalis. Such plants as are kept for Patens. Spreading, forming less than a sale as medicinal, or of use in the arts. right angle.

Oid, Oi'des. This termination imports re- Pau'ci. Few in number.

semblance, as petaloid, like a petal; tha-Pec'tinate. Like the teeth of a comb, inlictroides, resembling a thalictrum, &c. Opa'que. Not transparent.

Operculum. The lid which covers the capsules of mosses.

Opposite. Standing against each other on opposite sides of the stem.

Orbicular. Circular.

termediate between fimbriate and pinnatifid.

Pedate. Having a central leaf or segment and the two side ones which are compound, like a bird's foot.

Ped'icel. A little stalk of partial peduncle.

Orchid'eous. Petals like the orchis, four Pedun'cle. A stem bearing the flower and arched, the fifth longer.

fruit.

Ornithology. That department of zoolo- Pellicle. A thin membranous coat.

gy which treats of birds.

Os'seous. Bony, hard.

Pelluc'id. Transparent or limpid.
Peltate. Having the petiole attached to
some part of the under side of the leaf.

O'vary. A name sometimes given to the Pendant. Hanging down, pendulous. outer covering of the germ, before it Pen'cilled. Shaped like a painter's pencil ripens. or brush. O'vate. Egg shaped, oval with the lower Peregri'nus. Foreign, wandering. end largest. Ovip'arous. Animals produced from eggs, as birds, &c.

O'rules. Little eggs; the rudiments of
seeds which the germ contains before its
fertilization; after that the ovules ripen
into seeds.
O'vum.

An egg.

P.

Palate. A prominence in the lower lip
of a labiate corolla, closing or nearly
closing the throat.
Palca'ceous. See Chaffy.

Pal' mate. Hand-shaped; divided so as to
resemble the hand with the fingers
spread.
Palus'tris.

Growing in swamps and

Peren'nial. Lasting more than two years.
Perfo'liate. Having a stem running
through the leaf; differs from connate
in not consisting of two leaves.
Perforate. Having holes as if pricked
through; differs from punctate, which
has dots resembling holes.
Pe'ri. Around.

Per'ianth. A sort of calyx.

Per'icarp. (From peri, around, and karpos, fruit.) A seed vessel or whatever contains the seed.

Perigynous. From peri, around, and gy-
nia, pistil.

Pe'risperm. (From peri, around, and sper-
ma, seed.) Around the seed.
Per'manent. Any part of a plant is said
to be permanent when it remains longer
than is usual for similar parts in most
plants.

marshes. Panda'riform. Contracted in the middle Persis'tent. Not falling off. See Permalike a violin or guitar.

nent.

Par'ile. A loose, irregular bunch of Per'sonate. Masked or closed.

flowers with sub-divided branches, as Pe'tal. The leaf of a corolla, usually

the oat.

Pan'icled. Bearing panicles.

Papilio. A butterfly.

coloured.

Pe'tiole. The stalk which supports the leaf.

Such flowers as have stamens and pistils visible, including all plants except the cryptogamous.

Papilionaceous. Butterfly-shaped,-an ir-Phenog'amous.
regular corolla consisting of four petals;
the upper one is called the banner, the
two side ones wings, and the lower one

Physiology. Derived from the Greek, a Pseudo. When prefixed to a word, it imdiscourse of Nature. plies obsolete or false. Phytology. The science which treats of Pubes'cent. Hairy, downy, or woolly. the organization of vegetables, nearly Pulp. The juicy cellular substance of synonymous with the physiology of berries and other fruits. vegetables. Pulver'ulent. Turning to dust. Pu'milus. Small, low.

Pi'leus. The hat of a fungus.
Pillar. See Columella and Column.

Pilose. Hairy, with distinct straitish hairs.
Pilus. A hair.

Pimpled. See Papillose.

Punctate. Appearing dotted as if pricked.
See Perforated.

Pungent. Sharp, acrid, piercing.
Purpureus. Purple.

Pinna. A wing feather, applied to leafets. Pusil'lus. Diminutive, low.
Pinnate. A leaf is pinnate when the leaf- Puta'men. A hard shell.

ets are arranged in two rows on the side Pyx'ide. (From puxis, a box.) Name of of a common petiole, as in the rose. one of Mirbel's genera of fruit. Pinnatifid. Cut in a pinnate manner. It differs from pinnate, in being a simple leaf deeply parted, while pinnate is a compound of distinct leafets.

Q.

Quadrangular. Having four corners or
angles.

Pistil. The central organ of most flow-
ers, consisting of the germ, style, and Quarter'nate. Four together.
stigma.
Quinate. Five together.
Pis'tillate. Having pistils but no stamens.
Pith. The spongy substance in the centre
of the stems and roots of most plants.
See Medulla.

Plaited. Folded like a fan.

Plane. Flat with an even surface.
Plica'tus. See Plaited.

Plumo'se. Feather-like.

R.

Raceme. (From raz, a bunch of grapes, a cluster.) That kind of inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged by simple pedicels on the sides of a common peduncle; as the currant.

Plu'mula or Plume. The ascending part Ra'chis. The common stalk to which the

of a plant at its first germination.

Plu'rimus. Very many.

Pod. A dry seed vessel, not pulpy, most

florets and spikelets of grasses are at-
tached as in wheat heads.
midrib of some leaves and fronds.

Also the

commonly applied to legumes and sili-Ra'diate. The ligulate florets around the

ques.

Po'dosperm. (From podos, a part, and
sperma, seed.) Pedicel of the seed.
Pointal. A name sometimes used for
pistil.

Pollen. Properly fine flour, or the dust
that flies in a mill. The dust which is
contained within the anthers.
Po'lus. Maný.

Polyan'drous. Having many stamens in-
serted upon the receptacle.

margin of a compound flower. Ra'dix. A root; the lower part of the plant which performs the office of attracting moisture from the soil, and communicating it to the other parts of the plant.

Radical. Growing from the root.

The part of the corculum which afterwards forms the root; also the minute fibres of a root.

Ramif'erous. Producing branches.

Polygamous. Having some flowers which Ramus. A branch.

are perfect, and others with stamens Ray. The outer margin of compound only, or pistils only.

flowers.

Changeable, assuming Recep'tacle. The end of a flower stalk;

Polypet' alous. Having many petals.
Polyphyllous. Having many leaves.

Pome. A pulpy fruit, containing capsule,

as the apple.

Porous. Full of holes.

the base to which the different parts of fructification are usually attached. Recli'ned. Bending over with the end inclining towards the ground.

Rectus. Straight.

Recurv'ed. Curved backwards.

Præmorse. Ending bluntly, as if bitten off; Reflex'ed. Bent backwards, more than re

the same as abrupt.

Probos'cis. An elongated nose or snout,
applied to projecting parts of vegetables.
Process. A projecting part.
Procum'bent. Lying on the ground.

curved.

Reg'mate. (From regma, to break with
an explosion.) Name of one of Mirbel's
genera of fruits.

Refrigerant. (From refrigero, to cool.)
Cooling medicines.
Re'niform. Kidney-shaped, heart-shaped
without the point.

Repand. Slightly serpentine, or waving
on the edge.
Repens. Creeping.
Resu'pinate. Upside down.

Proliferous. A flower is said to be pro- Reticulate. Veins crossing each other

liferous when it has smaller ones grow

ing out of it.

Prop. Tendrils and other climbers.

Prox'imus. Near.

like net work.

Retuse. Having a slight notch in the end, less than emarginate.

Rever'sed. Bent back towards the base.

Rev'olute. Rolled backward or outward.
Rhomboid. Diamond-form.

Rib. A nerve like support to a leaf.
Rigid. Stiff, not pliable.

Ring. The band around the capsules of
ferns.

Ringent. Gaping or grinning; a term belonging to the labiate corollas.

annually a large shoot in the spring and
another in June.

Shrub. A plant with a woody stem,
branching out nearer the ground than a
tree, usually smaller.
Sic'cus. Dry.

Sil'icle. A seed vessel constructed like a
silique, but not longer than it is broad.

Root. The descending part of a vegeta-Silique. A long pod or seed vessel of two ble.

Rootlet. A fibre of a root, a little root. Rosa'ceous. A corolla formed of roundish spreading petals, without claws or with very short ones.

Rose'us. Rose coloured.

Rostel. That pointed part of the embryo, which tends downward at the first germination of the seed.

Rostrate. Having a protuberance like a
bird's beak.

Rotate. Wheel-form.
Rotun'dus. Round.
Rubra. Red.

Rufous. Reddish yellow.
Rugose. Wrinkled.

Run'cinate. Having large teeth pointing
backward, as the dandelion.
Rupes'tris. Growing among rocks.

S.

Sagit'tate. Arrow-form.

Salif erous. Bearing or producing salt.
Salsus. Salt tasted.

valves, having the seed attached to the two edges alternately.

Simple. Not divided, branched or compounded.

Sin'uate. The margin hollowed out resembling a bay.

Si'nus. A bay; applied to the plant, a
roundish cavity in the edge of the leaf
or petal.

So'ri. Plural of sorus; fruit dots on ferns.
Spa'dix. An elongated receptacle of flow-

ers, commonly proceeding from a spatha. Spa'tha. A sheathing calyx opening lengthwise on one side, and consisting of one or more valves.

Spat'ulate. Large, obtuse at the end, gradually tapering into a stalk at the base.

Spe'cies. The lowest division of vegeta-
bles.

Specific. Belonging to a species only.
Sper'ma. Seed.

Spike. A kind of inflorescence in which
the flowers are sessile, or nearly so, as
in the mullein, or wheat.

Salver-form. Corolla with a flat spread-Spike'let. A small spike.

ing border proceeding from the top of a Spin'dle shaped. Thick at top, gradually tube: flower monopetalous.

tapering, fusiform.

Sam'ara. A winged pericarp not opening Spine. A thorn or sharp process growing by valves, as the maple.

from the wood.

Sap. The watery fluid contained in the Spino'sus. Thorny.
tubes and little cells of vegetables.
Sapor. Having taste.

Sarmentose. Running on the ground, and
striking root from the joints only, as the
strawberry.

Sar'cocarp. (From sarx, flesh, and kar-
pos, fruit.) The fleshy part of fruit.
Sca'ber or Sea'brous. Rough.
Scandens. Climbing.

Scape. A stalk which springs from the
root, and supports flowers and fruit but
no leaves, as the dandelion.

Spiral. Twisted like a screw.

Spur. A sharp hollow projection from a
flower, commonly the nectary.
Spur'red-rye. A morbid swelling of the
seed, of a black or dark colour, some-
times called ergot; the black kind is
called the malignant ergot. Grain grow-
ing in low moist ground, or new land,
is most subject to it.
Squamo'sus. Scaly.
Squarro'se.
scales.

Ragged, having divergent

Sca'rious. Having a thin membranous Stamen. That part of the flower on margin. which the artificial classes are founded. Scattered. Standing without any regular Stam'inate. Having stamens without pisorder.

tils.

Scions. Shoots proceeding laterally from Standard. See banner.

the roots or bulb of a root.

Stel'late. Like a star.

flowers and fruit.

Segment. A part or principal division of Stem. A general supporter of leaves, a leaf, calyx or corolla.

Sempervivens. Living through the win-Stemless. Having no stem.

Ster'ile. Barren.

ter, and retaining its leaves. Serrate. Notched like the teeth of a saw. Stig'ma. Serrulate. Minutely serrate.

Sessile. Sitting down; placing immediately on the main stem without a foot stalk.

Scta. A bristle.

Seta'ccous. Bristle-form.

Shuft. A pillar, sometimes applied to the style.

Sheath. A tubular or folded leafy portion including within it the stem.

til.

The summit, or top of the pis

Stipe. The stem of a fern, or fungus;
also the stem of the down of seeds, as
in the dandelion.

Stip'itate. Supported by a stipe.
Stipule. A leafy appendage, situated at
the base of petioles, or leaves.
Stoloniferous. Putting forth scions, or

running shoots.

Stramin'cous. Straw like, straw coloured.

Shoot. Each tree and shrub sends forth Strap-form. Ligulate.

Stratum. A layer; plural strata.

Striate. Marked with fine parallel lines.
Strictus. Stiff and straight, erect.
Strigose. Armed with close thick bristles.
Strob'ilum. A cone, an ament with woody
scales.

Style. That part of the pistil which is
between the stigma and the germ.
Styl'ides. Plants with a very long style.
Sua'vis. Sweet, agreeable.

tals, in the autumn more yellow ones. Ten'dril. A filiform or thread like appendage of some climbing plants, by which they are supported by twining round other objects.

Tenel'lus. Tender, fragile.
Tenuifo'lius. Slender leaved.
Ten'uis. Thin and slender.
Ter'ete. Round, cylindrical, tapering.

Sub. Used as a diminutive, prefixed to Terminal. Extreme, situated at the end. different terms to imply the existence of Ter'nate. Three together, as the leaves of the clover.

a quality in an inferior degree; in Eng-
lish, may be rendered by somewhat; it Tetradyn'amous.
also signifies under.

Sub'acute. Somewhat acute.
Sub'sessile. Almost sessile.
Sub'ulate. Awl shaped, narrow and sharp
pointed. See awl form.
Suc'culent. Juicy; it is also applied to a
pulpy leaf, whether juicy or not.
Suc'cus. Sap.

Sucker. A shoot from the root by which
the plant may be propagated.
Suffruticose. Somewhat shrubby, shrubby
at the base; an under shrub.
Sul'cate. Furrowed, marked with deep
lines.
Super. Above.
Supradecom'pound.

With four long and

two short stamens. Tetran'drous. Having four stamens. Thorn. A sharp process from the woody part of the plant; considered as an imperfect bud indurated. Thread-form. See filiform. Thyrse. See panicle. Tige. See caulis.

Tincto'rius. Plants containing colouring

matter.

Tomen' tose. Downy; covered with fine matted pubescence.

Tonic. (From tono, to strengthen.) Medicines which increase the tone of the muscular fibre.

Toothed. See dentate.

Trachea. Names given to vessels supposed to be designed for receiving and distributing air.

Transverse. Crosswise.

More than decom-Trichot'omous. Three forked.
Trifid. Three cleft.

pound; many times subdivided.
Superior. A calyx or corolla is superior, Trifo'liate. Three leaved.
when it proceeds from the upper part of Trilo'bate. Three lobed.
the germ.
Triloc'ular. Three celled.

Supi'nus. Face upwards See resupinatus. Trun'cate. Having a square termination, Suture. The line or seam formed by the as if cut off. junction of two valves of a seed vessel. Syco'ne. (From sucon, a fig.) A name given to one of Mirbel's genera of fruits. Sylvestris. Growing in woods.

Trunk. The stem or bole of a tree.
Tube. The lower hollow cylinder of a
monopetalous corolla.
Tuber. A solid fleshy knob.

Syn'carpe. (From sun, with, and karpos, Tuberous. Thick and fleshy, containing fruit.) A union of fruits. tubers, as the potato.

Syngene'sious. Anthers growing together, Tubular. Shaped like a tube, hollow. forming a tube; such plants as constitute Tu'nicate. Coated with surrounding laythe class Syngenesia, being also com- ers, as in the onion.

pound flowers. Syn'onyms. Synonimous, different names Twining. Ascending spirally.

for the same plant. Synop'sis. A condensed view of a subject,

or science.

T.

Taxonomy. (From taxis, order, and nomos, law.) Method of classification. Teeth of Mosses. The outer fringe of the peristomium is generally in 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 divisions; these are called teeth. Tegens. Covering.

Turbinate. Shaped like a top, or pear.
Twisted. Coiled.

U.

Uligino'sus. Growing in damp places. Umbel. A kind of inflorescence in which the flower stalks diverge from one centre, like the sticks of an umbrella. Umbellif'erous. Bearing umbels. Unarmed. Without thorns or prickles. Un'cinate. Hooked.

Teg'ument. The skin or covering of seeds; Unctuo'sus. Greasy, oily.

often bursts off on boiling, as in the pea. Un'dulate. Waving, serpentine, gently Tem'perature. The degree of heat and rising and falling.

cold to which any place is subject, not Unguis. A claw.

wholly dependent upon latitude, being Unguic'ulate. Inserted by a claw.

affected by elevation; the mountains of Uniflo'rus. One flowered.

the torrid zone produce the plants of the U'nicus. Single.

frigid zone. In cold regions white and Unilat'eral. Growing on one side.

blue petals are more common; in warm Urce'olate. Swelling in the middle, and regions red and other vivid colours; in contracted at the top in the form of a the spring we have more white pe- pitcher.

V.

Vires'cens. Inclining to green.

Vir gate. Long and slender. Wartlike. Valves. The parts of a seed vessel into Vir'idis. Green.

which it finally separates; also the leaves Virgul'tum. A small twig.

which make up a glume, or spatha. Virose. Nauseous to the smell, poisonous. Variety. A subdivision of a species, dis- Viscid. Thick, glutinous, covered with tinguished by characters which are not adhesive moisture.

permanent; varieties do not with cer- Vitellus. Called also the yolk of the seed; tainty produce their kind by their seed. it is between the albumen and embryo. All apples are but varieties of one spe- Vit'reus. Glassy.

(From vulnus, a wound.) Medicines which heal wounds. W.

cies; if the seeds of a sour apple be plant- Vivip'arous. Producing others by means ed, they will produce, perhaps, some of bulbs or seeds, germinating while yet sweet apples, some of a green colour, on the old plant. some red: there are as many trees of Vulnerary. different kinds of fruit, as there are seeds planted. The quince is a species of the same genus, or family, as the apple; but the seed of a quince has never been known to produce an apple tree. Vaulted. Arched over; with a concave covering.

Veined. Having the divisions of the petiole
irregularly branched on the under side
of the leaf.

Ven'tricose. Swelled out. See inflated.
Vernal. Appearing in the spring.
Verrucose. Warty, covered with little
protuberances.

Vertical. Perpendicular.

Verticillate. Whorled, having leaves or
flowers in a circle round the stem.
Vesic'ular. Made up of cellular substance.
Ves pertine. Flowers opening in the eve-
ning.

Vil'lous. Hairy, the hairs long and soft.
Viola'ceous. Violet coloured.

Wedge-form. Shaped like a wedge, round-
ed at the large end, obovate with straight-
ish sides.

Wheel-shaped. See rotate.
Wings. The two side petals of a papilio-
naceous flower.

Wood. The most solid parts of trunks of
trees and shrubs.

Z.

Zool'ogy. The science of animals. Zo'ophytes. The lowest order of animals, sometimes called animal plants, though considered as wholly belonging to the animal kingdom. Many of them resemble plants in their form, and exhibit very faint marks of sensation.