40. Dost thou make him bound like the locust? And the noise of his snorting is awful.

41. He paweth the ground, exulting in strength, He goeth to meet the weapons.

42. He mocketh at fear, and is not dismayed, And turneth not back from the sword.

43. Upon him rattleth the quiver,

Flashing spear, and the javelin

44. With furious leaps he swalloweth the ground,
Nor halteth because of the trumpet's blast,
45. When he heareth a blast he sayeth, Aha,
And sniffeth the battle from far,

The Captains' shouts, the soldiers' cries.
46. Doth the hawk soar by thy wisdom,
Stretching his wings toward the south?
47. Or at thy command doth the eagle mount,
At thy behest place his nest on high?
48. He inhabiteth clifts, and dwelleth there,
On crags of the cliffs, in strongholds.

49. Thence he espieth the prey, his eyes behold it from far; 50. His young ones suck up the blood,

And where the slain are, there are they

51. Will the caviller strive with the Almighty? Let him that reproveth God answer

this!

53. Lo, I am too mean, what shall I answer Thee?

I lay my hand upon my mouth.

54. Once I spake, I will do so no more;

55.

Twice, but I will not repeat it.

Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said:

56. Gird up thy loins like a mighty man.

I will ask, and thou shalt show Me.

57. Wilt thou then disannul My right,

Condemning Me that thou mayst be justified?

58. Hast thou an arm like the arm of God?

With a voice like His canst thou thunder?

59. Deck thyself with glory and pride, array thee in honor and majesty; 60. Pour out the floods of thy wrath,

And behold all the proud and abase them,

61. Behold all the proud and bring them down low,

Tread down the wicked where they stand.

62. Hide them in the dust together, bind their faces out of sight. 63. So will I praise thee, for that thine own right hand doth save thee.

64.

Then Job answered and said:

65. I know that thou canst do all things,

No purpose of Thine may be restrained. 66. Verily I uttered what I understand not,

Things too wonderful, which I know not, 67. By the hearing of the ear I heard of thee, But now mine eye hath seen Thee,

68. Therefore I retract and repent

In dust and in ashes.

(Chapters XXXVIII, XL and XLII.)

1.

THE EPILOGUE.

"Mine

AND it came to pass after the LORD had spoken these words to Job, that the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite: anger is kindled against thee, and thy two friends, for ye spake 2. not rightly for Me as my servant Job. And now take you seven bullocks and seven rams, and go to my servant Job and ye shall offer them as a sacrifice for yourselves; and Job my servant shall intercede for you, for only his person will I accept not to deal with you, according to your folly, for ye spake not rightly for Me as my servant Job."

3.

4.

Then went Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite, and did according as the LORD spake to them, and the LORD accepeed Job's person.

And the LORD turned the captivity of Job when he interceded for his friends, and the LORD added to Job double his former 5. possessions. Then came to him all his brethren and all his sisters and all his former acquaintance, and ate bread with him and sympathized with him, and comforted him on account of all the evil which the LORD had brought upon him; and they gave him each a coin and each a golden ring.

6.

And the LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than the 7. beginning. And he had seven sons and three daughters; and he called the name of the first daughter Jemima, the second 8. Kezia and the third Keren happuk; nor were any women in the whole land found so beautiful as the daughters of Job, and their father gave them an inheritance as well as their brethren. And Job lived afterwards 140 years and saw his sons and 10. decendants to four generations. Then Job died, old and at a (Chap. XL; 7-17.)

9.

great age.

ECCLESIASTES;

OR, THE PREACHER.

About 210-200, B. C. E.

(In order to understand the growth of moral ideas in the life of Israel it is necessary to include Ecclesiastes (Hebrew Koheleth) in the study of Jewish Ethics, though it diverges widely in spirit and tendency from the rest of bibical teachings. In spite of an apparent refined materialism, Ecclesiastes insists upon the fulfillment of one's moral duties as the sole aim of man, while the lack of religious enthusiasm is compensated by sound maxims of practical wisdom.)

I.

1. THE words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

2. Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher; vanity of vanities, all 3. is vanity. What profit hath man of all his labour wherein he laboureth under the sun?

4.

One generation goeth, and another generation cometh; and the 5. earth abideth for ever. The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteh to his place where he ariseth. The wind goeth 6. toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it turneth about continually in its course, and the wind returneth again to 7. its circuit. All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not

full; unto the place whither the rivers go, thither they go again. 8. All things are full of weariness; man cannot utter it; the eye 9. is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing. That which hath been is that which shall be; and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is no new thing 10. under the sun. Is there a thing whereof men say, See this is new? it hath been already, in the ages which were before us. 11. There is no remembrance of the former things; neither shall there be any remembrance of the latter things that are to come, among those that shall come after.

12. I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. And I ap13. plied my heart to seek and to search out by wisdom concerning all that is done under heaven: it is a sore travail that God hath

14. given to the sons of men to be exercised therewith. I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, 15. all is vanity and a striving after wind. That which is crooked

cannot be made straight and that which is wanting cannot be 16. numbered. I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I have gotten me great wisdom above all that were before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart hath had great experience of wisdom 17. and knowledge. And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also was a 18. striving after wind. For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.

19.

I said in my heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth; "therefore enjoy" pleasure: and behold, this also was vanity. 20. I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? 21. I searched in my heart how to cheer my flesh with wine, my

heart yet guiding me with wisdom, and how to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was good for the sons of men that 22. they should do under the heaven all the days of their life. I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards; I made me gardens and parks, and planted trees in them 23. of all kinds of fruit; I made me pools of water, to water them from the forest where trees were reared: I bought men-servants 24. and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of herds and flocks, above all that were before 25. me in Jerusalem: I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I got *me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons 26. of men. So I was great, and increased more than all that were 27. before me in Jerusalem: also my wisdom stood by me. And

whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them: I withheld not my heart from any joy, for my heart rejoiced because of 28. my labour: and this was my portion from all my labor. Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do: and, behold, all was vanity and striving after wind, and there was no profit under the sun.

29.

And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness and folly, for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that 30. which hath been already done. Then I saw that wisdom ex31. celleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. The wise man's 32. eyes are in his head, and the fool walketh in darkness. Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so will it happen even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my heart, that this also was vanity. For of the wise man, 33. even as of the fool, there is no remembrance for ever; seeing that in the days to come all will have been already forgotten.

And how doth the wise man die even as the fool! So I hated 34. life; because the work that is wrought under the sun was grievous unto me: for all is vanity and striving after wind. 35. For what hath a man of all his labour, and of the striving 36. wherein he laboreth under the sun? For all his days are but sorrow, and his travail is grief; yea, even in the night his heart taketh ho rest. This also is vanity.

37.

There is nothing better for a man than that he should eat and drink, and make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This also 38. I saw, that it is from the hand of God. For who can eat, or 39. who can have enjoyment afar from him? For to the man that

pleaseth him God giveth wisdom, and knowledge, and joy; but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and heap up, that he 40. may give to him that pleaseth God. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

II.

1. TO EVERY thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose 2. under the heaven: a time to be born, and a time to die; a time

to plant. and a time to pluck up that which is planted; a time 3. to wound and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time

to build up; a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to 4. seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; a time to love, 5. and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.

What

profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth? I have seen the travail which God hath given to the sons of men 6. to be exercised therewith. He hath made every thing beautiful

in its time: also he hath set the world in their heart, yet so that 7. man cannot find out the work that God hath done from the be8. ginning even to the end. I know that there is nothing better

for them, than to rejoice, and to do good so long as they live. 9. And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy good 10. in his labour, is the gift of God. I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God hath done it, that men should fear before him.

11.

And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and in the place of righteousness, 12. that injustice was there. I said in my heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: for there is a time 13. for every purpose and every work. I said in my heart, It is

because of the sons of men, that God may prove them, and that 14. they may see that they of themselves are but as beasts. Where