אֶל, to speak kindly with any one. 2 K. 25:28. Jer. 12: 6. )6( דִּבֶּר שָׁלוֹם to speak kindly or peaceably; construed with עם Ps. 28:3. with את, Jer. 9:7. to wish peace, or prosperity, construed with אל, Ps. 85:9. with 3, אל in the same sense, Ezek. 13:9. This phrase is sometimes, though very rarely, taken in a good sense, to be for any one, to be favourable to him, 2 Chr. 30: 12. Ezra 9:2. Hence in Judg. 2:15, the meaning is made more definite by add the hand of חָזִיתָה יַד יְהוָה עַל־ (.3) לְרָעָה ing אֲדַבְּרָה־נָא 8 : 122.Ps : : Jehovah came upon any one, i. e. the Deity began to inspire him, (as a prophet). Ezek. 1:3. 3:14, 22. 37: 1. 2 K. 3:15. Construed with אל in the same sense, 1 K. 18:46. Ezek.8:1 וַתִּפּל שָׁלוֹם בָּךְ I wish thee prosperity. with, Est. 10 : 3 וּבֵר שָׁלוֹם לְכָל־זַרְעוֹ wishing peace to all his seed. Used absolutely, Ps. 35: 20. לֹא שָׁלוֹם יְדַבֵּרוּ they do not speak peace )7.( דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּט אֵה to pass sentence against, also to contend in law with any one. See עֲלֵי שָׁם יַד אֲדֹנָי and there the hand of the .מִשְׁפָּט Lord fell upon me, )רוח is used in the 2. to destroy. 2 Chr. 22:10. (comp. same sense, Ezek. 11:5.) Jer. 15:17 אַבֵּד in the parallel passage 2 K. 11:1.( מִפְּנֵי יָדְךְ because of thy hand which has Derived from the primary signification, in this manner; first, to drive away, then to persecute, to destroy. Hence דֶּבֶר pestilence. (In Arab. conj. II. to prepare for death; III. to be hostile.) inspired me. )4.( ד יְהוָה עַל פְּלִנִי the hand of Jehovah rests (graciously) upon any one. Ezra 7: 6,28.8:18,31. The more full expression is ד אֱלֹהִים הַטּוֹבָה the good hand of God, Ezra 7:9. Neh. 2:8. Comp. Ezra 8.: 22. Is. 1:25. It is used in a bad sense only Am. 1: 8. )5.( נָתַן יָד "Pu. pass. Ps.87 :3 נִכְבָּדוֹת מִדְבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are spoken, i. e. designed by God, concerning thee. Cant. 8:8 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיָּדְבַּר to give the hand to any one, i. e. to pro בָּהּ when one shall speak for her, i e. to have her to wife. (Comp. דִּבֶּר ב used in a similar connexion 1 Sam. 25: 39.) "Niph. recip. of Pi. to speak together or among themselves, Mal. 3:16. construed with a, Ezek. 33:30. Ps. 119 : 23. with ל, Mal. 3:13. " Hiph. prob. i. q. Kal no. 1. to drive together, to subject, to subdue. Ps. 18: 48 וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתִּי and he subdued nations under me. 47: 4. "Hithpa. i. q. Pi. no. 1. Found only in the part. 2 מדבר Sam. 14:13. Ezek. 2:2. " com. gen. (more frequently fem.) const. יד, with suff יֶדְכֶם דִי prim. dec. II. a. mise or inake sure by striking hands. In the following combinations with a preposition, the force of is often lost, and the signification of the preposition only remains. )1.( -ביד )a.) in the hand "1. the hand. The following phrases of, also simply, with, by. 1 Sam. 14: are worthy of notice; )1.( אִישׁ שׁוֹרוֹ בְיָדוֹ 34 יָדִי עַם אֶת פְּלִנִי each one his ox with him. 16:2.1 K. 10:29. Jer. 38:10 קַח בְּיָךְ my hand (is) with any one, i. e. I assist him. 1 Sam. 22:17.2 Sam. 3: 12.2 Κ. 15:19. )2.(ידי היתה ב my hands against רָה שְׁלֹשִׁים אֲנָשִׁים take hence thirty men any one, (Gen. 16: 12.) I bring evil upon him. Gen. 37:27. 1 Sam. 18:17, 21. 24: 18, 14. 2 Sam. 24:17. Josh. 2:19.-יַד יְהוָה בְּ the hand of Jehovah is against or brings destruction on any thing, Ex. 9:3. Deut. 2:15. Judg. 2: the hand (of God) upon me is heavy. Also construed with יָדִי כָּבְדָה 23:2 Job .15 with thee. Deut. 33: 3. Comp. in Chald. Ezra 7:25. (b.) through the hand of, also simply through. Num. 15:23 all which Jebovah has commanded ביד משֶׁה through Moses. 2 Chr. 29:25. Is. 20: 2. 1 K. 12:15. Jer. 37: 2. (c.) into the hand, under the power or charge of any one; after verbs of delivering up. Gen. 9:2.14:20. Ex. 4:21. Hence, צאן דן the flock under his charge, Ps. 95 : 7. Comp. also 2 Sam. 18:2. Num. 31: 49. )d.) before, in conspectu, i. q. לפני ἐν χερσί. 1 Sam. 21:14 he feigned himself mad בים before them. Job 15:23 יֵדַע כִי נָכוֹן בְּיָדוֹ יוֹם־חֹוֹשָׁךְ he knows that a day of darkness is prepared for, i. e. threatens, him. (e.) because of. Job 8: 4. Is. 64:6 )2( מִידִימִיד from or out of the hand or hands of, also simply from, out of; after verbs of requiring, freeing, receiving. Gen.9:5.32:12. 33:19. Num.5:25. 24:24. 35:25. Job 5:20. 1 Sam. 17:37. )3.( עַל יְדֵי עַל יַד (a) into the hand or hands of any one, after verbs of delivering up, committing. 1 Κ.14:27. 2 Κ. 10:24. 12:12. 22:5, 9. Ezra 1:8. Hence, under the oversight or direction, 1 Chr. 25 : 2,3,6 על ידי אֲנִיהֶם under the direction of their father. (b.) through. Jer. 18:21. Ps. 63: 11. "7. part. Dan. 12:7. Plur. 1 יָדוֹת K. 11 :7 וּשְׁתֵי הַיָּדוֹת בָּכֶם and the two (third( parts among you. Gen.47 : 24 אַרְבַּע הַיָּדוֹת the four (fifth) parts. Neh. 11: 1. The same sense is also expressed in other places by יָדוֹת. פָּה parts for times, Latin vices, Dan. 1:20. Gen. 43:33.2 Sam. 19:44. “ a monument, trophy, i. q. 1 Sam. 15: 12. 2 Sam. 18:18."-pp. 230, 231. To these extracts we shall only add one more, which will furnish a specimen of the valuable criticisms that abound throughout the Lexicon, though few of them, perhaps, are carried to the same extent. It relates to the celebrated prophecy respecting the Messiah, Gen. xlix. 10. "Dual hands of the human body). " שילה found only Gen. 49:10 עַד כִּי "Plur. ידות artificial hands, something יָבוֹא שלה The full reading שילה is found resembling hands; as, (1.) a tenon (in timber). Ex. 26:17, 19.36:22, 24. (2.) the axle-tree (of a wheel). 1 K.7: 32, 33. "2. prob. the armas also in Arab.) See אצל ידים the shoulder ; literally, the juncture of the arms. "3. metaphorically, might, power, aid, succour. Ex. 14:30. Deut. 32:36 כִּי אַזְלַת Ex that succour disappears.- ב with might or power, Is. 28: 2. Ezek. 13: 7.Ps. 76:6 and none of the men of might found their hands, i. e. their strength was gone. "4. manner.-כִּי הַמֶּלֶךְ after the manner of a king, as it becomes a king, Est. 1: 7.2: 18.1 Κ. 10:13. עַל יְדֵי דָּוִיד ex more a Davide instituto, Ezra 3:10. 2 Chr. 29:27. .14 : 1 Job עַל יַד עַל יְדֵי .18:4 .2Sam אֶל ד Neh. 3: 2 ff. in the same sense. Dual in most Jewish MSS. and in nearly all the editions; the defective reading שלה in only 25 Jewish MSS. of Kennicott and 13 of De Rossi, but in all the Samaritan MSS. and the ancient versions、 appear to have so read it. A few MSS. only have שילו and שלו. : "All these various readings may be. explained, if we regard it as one word, whether a proper name or an appellative. The following are the most plausible explanations; (1.) as a proper name, i. q. Shiloh, in the following article. According to this, the clause might be rendered, till they come to Shiloh, i. e. to the land of Canaan; or so long as they go to Shiloh, (comp. . עַד quamdiu Cant. 1: 12.) i. e. for ever. (This form actually has the meaning to Shiloh, Judg. 21: 20.1 Sam. 4:4.) (2.) as an appellative, pacificus, the bringer of peace, the prince of peace, (comp. Is. 9:6.( from שָׁלָה, after the form קיטור בִּישׁוֹר. It may then be compared with the name of Solomon, (i. e. the peacemaritans expressly refer this prophecy, (Repert. f. Bibl. und morgenl. Literatur, Th. 16. p. 168.) Among the moderns it is also referred to Solomon by Alexius ab Aquilino, (de Pent. Sam. p. 100.). Rosenmüller (de Vers. Pent. Pers. ad h.1.) Others compare the afterbirth, hence offspring; rendering the ים sides; often in the phrase רְחַב ידיס able, 1 Chr. 22:9.) and to him the Sa wide on all sides or hands, spacious, Gen. 34:21. Ps. 104:25. Is. 33:21. Plur. ת ledges or borders, 1 K. 7:35, 36. the side railings (of a throne), 1 K. 10:19. "6. place. Deut. 23:13. Num. 2:17 אִישׁ על־ידי each one in his place. idem. Josh. 8:20. Dual whole clause, so long as the latest posterity.-Entirely different the ancient versions. They regard it as compounded of. i. q. אֲשֶׁר and לה i. q. לן to him, and suppose it pointed שָׁלה or שלה Hence the meaning, till he comes to whom it (the sceptre or the dominion) difficulty, and requiring only a very temporary application. Convinced, as we deeply are, of the immense importance of an accurate and consistent knowledge of the Hebrew, in all who engage in the sacred and responsible office belongs. Comp. Ezek. 21:32 עַר־בּא אֲשֶׁר of expounding the Sacred Scrip לוֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּט till he comes to whom the right belongs, (Sept. ᾧ καθήκει,) i. e. the Messiah. Perhaps Ezekiel had reference to this passage in Genesis, and gives its true interpretation. Aqu. Symm. and Sept. (according to the majority of MSS.) ᾧ ἀπόκειται. Syr. Saad. is, cujus est. Onkelos: Messias, cujus est regnum. Targ. Jerus. Sept. (according to the usual reading) τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ, what is reserved for him."-p. 600. It is scarcely necessary to apprize our readers, that Gesenius is a punctist, and that his philological works proceed on the general principles of the vowelsystem of the Hebrews. Not that he is blindly devoted to it, or regards the points as co-eval with the letters. On the contrary, he considers the system as having been first partially introduced in the fifth, and only completed during the sixth or seventh century. But, considering the very consistent, deep, and fundamental view, which the points give of the structure of the Hebrew; the perfect accordance of the system with that of the Syriac and Arabic, the latter of which is a living language; and the circumstance, that it gives an accurate, and, for the most part, a clear account of the manner in which the Jews of the first four centuries of the Christian era understood the text of the Old Testament, he is decidedly of opinion, that all who are desirous of becoming thorough Hebrew scholars, and of applying their learning to the elucidation of the Scriptures, ought to make themselves masters of it:-a task of little practical tures to their fellow-men, we do most earnestly recommend them to purchase copies of this Lexicon, for which we are under the deepest obligations to Mr. Gibb. We rejoice to learn that several hundred copies have already been forwarded to the Universities, and feel confident, that in proportion as the book is known, will be the value put upon it, and the abandonment of those loose and fanciful theories of Hebrew interpreta tion, which have disgraced our theological literature, and brought the study of the language into no small degree of disrepute and neglect. mm WORKS RELATING TO RELIGION IN INDIA. Substance of the Speech of John Poynder, Esq. at the Courts of Proprietors of East India Stock. held on the 21st and 28th days of March, 1827. London: Hatchard and Son. 8vo. 6s. The Suttees' Cry to Britain; containing Extracts from Essays published in India, and Partiamentary Papers on the Burning of Hindoo Widows; showing that the Rite is not an Integral Part of the Religion of the Hindoos, but a horrid Custom, opposed to the Institutes of Menu, and a Violation of every Principle of Justice and Humanity: respectfully submitted to the Consideration of all who are interested in the Welfare of British India; and soliciting the Interference of the British Government, and of the Honourable the Court of Di 1 rectors of the Honourable East India Company, to suppress this Suicidal Practice. By J. Peggs, late Missionary at Cuttack, Orissa. -London: Seeley and Son. 8vo. 1s. have so long enjoyed the luxuries and the lordship of India. The Roman Catholics never failed tr endeavour to propagate the faith of the church of Rome in all the countries which they either conquered or colonized. The Dutch, rapacious as they were in the pursuit of wealth, were not utterly regardless of consistency, and always did something to show, at least, their respect for Christianity, in their foreign set was Facts and Observations relative to the Practice of taxing Pilgrims in various Parts of India, and of paying a Premium to those who collect them for the Worship of Juggernaut at the Great Temple in Orissa. By J. Peggs, late tlements. But, to the everlasting Missionary at Cuttack, Orissa.- disgrace of the British name, its London: Seeley and Son. 8vo. government, as such, till within these few years, not only did noBrief Memoir relative to the Ope- thing for the spiritual good of its rations of the Serampore Misforeign subjects; but actually opsionaries, Bengal. With an Apposed every barrier to the intropendix. - London: Parbury, duction of Christianity among Allen, and Co. 8vo. 1s. them. Till within a period in the recollection of most of our readers, India hermetically sealed against the Gospel; and nothing but the powerful voice of the nation broke that seal, and compelled the administrators of the East, to admit legally the messengers of mercy. We rejoice that this victory has been accomplished, that the way has, at last, been opened, and that no insurmountable obstacles now stand in the way of the voluntary exertions of Christian societies and individuals in India. To the honour of the Company's administration, it ought to be said, that they throw no impediments in the way of Missionaries, properly accredited, going out, or to their peaceable and judicious exertions in the country. Religion in India: A Voice directed to Christian Churches for Millions in the East. By the Revs. S. Laidler, and J. W. Massie, recently from India. London: John Churchill, Leicester Square. 12mo. 9s. THE most extraordinary fact, perhaps, in the history of human government, is that a company of merchants in Leadenhall Street, should have the empire of a hundred millions of persons on the opposite side of the globe. This fact is considered worthy of the most profound attention of the pilosophers and politicians of the earth, who have devoted no small portion of their attention to the investigation of its history, progress, and probable results. Whether it has yet obtained all that attention from the Christian body which its importance demands is worthy of their consideration. Till within a very limited period, no efforts to introduce Christianity, on a scale suited to the vastness of the undertaking, have been attempted, by the people who But Britain owes a debt to India which it has scarcely even begun to discharge. When we consider the means by which power and territory have been there obtained; the nature of the tenure by which they are held; the vast private fortunes which have been accumulated, and the revenue from trade and commerce which thence arises; may we not ask, with indignation, what has Britain done to compensate India for the wrongs which it has inflicted, and for the benefits which it has derived from it? We are not insensible to the advantages which the population of our eastern territories derive, from the comparatively mild and benevolent sway of British authority over lands, that for hundreds of ages were scourged by eastern despotism; and which providence appears to have placed in our power for the wisest and most benevolent purposes. But it is too evident we have been more disposed to promote our own advantage, than the good of that vast empire, and that many things remain to be done to wipe away the reproach which our neglect and misconduct have justly incurred. The works now on our table present some melancholy, and some pleasing views of India. The former, we are sorry to say, greatly preponderate; but we encourage the hope that the dawn of a bright and glorious day has commenced, and that the work which has been so long delayed, will, nevertheless, go on with vigour and constantly-accelerating progress. The field is a world in itself, the difficulties are many; but Christian principles and perseverance will overcome them all; and the return will, at last, more than compensate every labour and every sacrifice. God will assuredly in due time establish his kingdom in that vast world of souls. For several years, in various ways, the subject of Suttees, and other cruel and abominable practices in India has been brought before the public of Great Britain. We are sorry to remark that it has not commanded that attention to which we think its importance is entitled; or that the feelings of the country have been sufficiently roused to it. It must be the fault of the people themselves, if that is not the case now, as the appeals which have been made are of such a nature as must leave us destitute of the plea of ignorance, and every other excuse. To Mr. Poynder, the East India Company, and the country at large, are deeply indebted for having brought the subject of human sacrifices in India before the Proprietors, in a speech full of information, replete with sound principles, and pregnant with appeals of the most powerful and touching nature to all the feelings of the heart, and to every consideration of liberal policy and enlighted legislation. on At a meeting of the Proprietors of the Honourable Company, held the 21st and 28th days of March, 1827, he moved and carried the following resolution : "That this Court, taking into consideration the continuance of human sacrifices in India, is of opinion that, in the case of all rites, or ceremonies, involving the destruction of life, it is the duty of a Paternal Government to interpose for their prevention; and therefore recommends to the Honourable Court of Directors to transmit such instructions to India, as that Court may deem most expedient for accomplishing this object, consistently with all practicable attention to the feelings of the natives."-p. iii. In support of this humane and moderate resolution, the Honourable mover spoke, we believe, more than six hours, and was supported in an able and eloquent speech by Randle Jackson, Esq. Both of these speeches are now before the public, and we beg in the most earnest manner to solicit attention to them. It is impossible for to do justice to the subject, if our readers will not peruse the published documents, and judge for themselves. us Mr. Poynder shows, from returns made to Parliament, that in the three Presidencies, in the space of |