A student having concentrated his work to the extent of six or more courses in some one Department or recognized field for Distinction, must observe in which of the four groups given above his chief work lies, and must then distribute six other courses in the other three groups in accordance with the special rules for the choice of elective studies.

Students concentrating in the Division of History, Government, and Economics are required to pass a general final examination upon the field of their concentration, so arranged as to test the general attainments of each candidate in the field covered by this Division and also in a specific field of study within the Division. Each student concentrating in this Division receives from the beginning of his Sophomore year the guidance and assistance of a special Tutor, whose function is to direct the student's reading, assist him in coördinating the knowledge derived from different courses, and confer with him frequently concerning his work in History, Government, and Economics.

A star (*) prefixed to the number of a course indicates that the course cannot be taken without the previous consent of the instructor.

A double dagger (†) prefixed to the number of a course indicates that the course is open, under certain conditions, to properly qualified students of Radcliffe College.

The Courses of Instruction are distributed, in most departments of study, into three groups, namely:

Courses primarily for Undergraduates (lower group).

Courses for Undergraduates and Graduates (middle group).
Courses primarily for Graduates (upper group).

Most of the courses in the lower group and many of those in the middle group are, as a rule, offered every year; but they are liable to some variations of subject and to a change of instructors, and some of them are occasionally suspended. Many courses in the middle and upper groups are given in alternate years. These courses are in most cases designated in the Announcement as so given. Some courses, especially in the upper group, are given at less frequent intervals. In the Announcement these courses are not mentioned unless they are to be given in the year for which the Announcement is issued; but information about them may be found in the special pamphlets of the several departments.

Courses of which the titles are enclosed in brackets are omitted in 1919-20, but are probably to be offered in the following year.

No student is admitted to any course unless he has fulfilled all the requirements for that course as stated in the Announcement, or has otherwise satisfied

the instructor that he is prepared to pursue it. (These requirements are usually stated in notes attached to the announcements of the several courses.)

For information regarding the conditions and the mode of election of courses, students of Harvard College are referred to a pamphlet entitled "Rules relating to College Studies."

ELECTIVE COURSES REGULARLY OPEN TO FRESHMEN

Greek G, A, B, E (half-course), [1a (half-course)], [16 (half-course)].
Latin A, B, E (half-course).

English B, 28; and to those who have anticipated English A, any
course in English is open, on the same terms as to Sophomores.
German B (equivalent to German A and a full course of elective work),
la, lb, lc, F (half-course), 2a, [26].

French B (equivalent to French A and a full course of elective work), 1, 2, 3.

Italian 1, or Spanish 1.

Fine Arts la, [1g (half-course)], [1h (half-course)].

Music 1.

Physics B, C.

Chemistry A, B (half-course).

Botany 1 (half-course).

Zoology 1 (half-course).

Geology 4 (half-course), 5 (half-course) on passing Course 4.

Geography 1 (half-course).

Meteorology 1 (half-course).

History 1.

Government 1.

Philosophy A (half-course), B (half-course), C (half-course).

Psychology A (half-course).

Mathematics A, C, D (half-course), E (half-course), K (half-course),

G (half-course).

Military Science 1.

Economics A should not ordinarily be taken before the Sophomore year; but with the consent of the instructor it may be elected by Freshmen.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

GROUP I

SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND HISTORY

Courses 4, 9, 12, 15, 21, A4, A5, A6 require no knowledge of Semitic

E1. Hebrew

languages

For Undergraduates and Graduates

Harper's Elements of Hebrew. Harper's Introductory Hebrew Method and Manual. Selections from the prose narratives of the Old Testament. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 10. Professor KELLNER.

2. Hebrew

(III)

Syntax. Extensive reading in the Old Testament. Tu., Th., at 10. Professor LYON.

(XJ)

[4. The Old Testament]

With special reference to the history and the literature of Israel. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 11. Professor LYON.

Omitted in 1919-20.

8. Post-Biblical Hebrew

(IV)

Selections from the Talmud, Midrash, and Biblical commentaries. Twice a week. Dr. WOLFSON.

9. Jewish Literature and Life from the Second Century to the Present Time

Mon., Wed., Fri., at 9. Dr. WOLFSON.

21 2hf. Introduction to Mediaeval Jewish Philosophy

(II)

With special reference to Moslem Philosophy and to Aristotelianism Halfcourse (second half-year). Three times a week. Dr. WOLFSON.

This course is the same as Philosophy 13d hf.

22. Hebrew: Selections from Mediaeval and Modern Authors

Tu., Th., at 9. Dr. WOLFSON.

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Primarily for Graduates

A3. Hebrew: The Prophetical Books of the Old Testament

Interpretation and criticism of portions of the prophetic writings, selected with special reference to literary and historical questions. Tu., Th., at 2.30. Professor ARNOLD.

A4 hf. History of Israel

Half-course (first half-year). Wed., Fri., at 12. Professor ARNOLD.

A5. Introduction to the Old Testament

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(V)

History of the text; the formation of the canon; historico-critical study of the origin, form, and contents of the several books. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 10. Professor ARNOLD.

[A6. Religion of Israel]

(In)

History of the religious ideas and institutions of Israel from the earliest times to the Maccabean age. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 10. Professor ARNOLD. (III) Omitted in 1919-20.

[A7. Hebrew: The Poetical Literature of the Old Testament] Tu., Th., at 2.30. Professor ARNOLD.

Omitted in 1919-20.

$10. Assyrian

(XV)

Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar; Delitzsch's Assyrische Lesestücke. Twice a week. Professor LYON.

11. Assyrian (second course)

Selections from the historical, poetical, and legal writings. Twice a week. Professor LYON.

12. History of Babylonia and Assyria

Mon., Wed., and (at the pleasure of the instructor) Fri., al 11. Professor LYON.

Courses 4 and 12 are given in alternate years.

13. Arabic

(IV)

Socin's Grammar; Brünnow's Chrestomathy. Mon., Wed., Fri., at 11. Professor JEWETT.

(IV)

14. Arabic (second course)

De Goeje's edition of Wright's Grammar; selections from the Qorân, the Hadith, and classical writers on geography and history. Tu., Th., at 3.30. Professor JEWETT.

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