Artillery and ExplosivesJohn Murray, 1906 - 548 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
amount artillery atmospheres ballistite Bunsen and Schischkoff Calculated gaseous products calibres calorimeter before explosion carbonic anhydride carbonic oxide chamber charge chronoscope close vessel composition considerable copper cylinder cordite crusher-gauge curve cylinder deduced deposit determined detonation diagram Elswick energy equation error experiments explosion-vessel Fahr feet per second foot-tons gauge give given gramme gravimetric density grm.-units Cent grms guncotton gunpowder Hence heat evolved hoists hydrogen hyposulphite initial velocity kilogramme lyddite maximum pressure mean muzzle muzzle velocity nearly nitro-glycerine observed obtained oxygen pebble pebble-powder permanent gases placed Plate portion potassium potassium carbonate Potassium nitrate potassium sulphate Pressure in tons products of combustion products of explosion projectile quantity R. L. G. powder realised Rodman rounds saltpetre shell shot solid residue specific heat square inch sulphate sulphide sulphur Table Temperature of calorimeter temperature of explosion tension tons per square volume weight yards دو وو
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Página 498 - The much more powerful modern 6 in. gun is served by three or four men. In the year 1858, the first great step in artillery progress was made. In that year the Committee on Rifled Cannon, of which I was Secretary, was appointed, and experiments with the various guns submitted to them were made, but the superiority in accuracy of the gun submitted by the late Lord Armstrong was so conspicuous, and the details, as regards projectiles, fuses, &c., were so superior that the Committee unanimously...
Página 269 - ... in the projectile. But it rarely happens, especially with the very large charges used in the most recent guns, that gravimetric densities so high as unity are employed, and in such cases, from the total realisable energy must be deducted the energy which the powder would have generated had it expanded from a density of unity to that actually occupied by the charge. Thus in the instance above given, if we suppose the charge instead of a gravimetric density of unity to have a gravimetric density...
Página 230 - ... complicated chemical equation, the nature of the metamorphosis which a gunpowder of average composition may be considered to undergo...
Página 526 - I have placed on the wall, are exhibited the velocities and energies realised in a 6-inch gun with the various explosives I have named, and the table, in addition, shows the velocities and energies in guns of the same calibre but of 40, 50, and 75 calibres in length, as well as in that of 100 calibres. TABLE 3.
Página 208 - ... conditions as regards pressure, and by two powders of similar composition under the same conditions as regards pressure, are so considerable that no value whatever can be attached to any attempt to give a general chemical expression to the metamorphosis of a gunpowder of normal composition. ' 3. The proportions in which the several constituents of solid powderresidue are formed are quite as much affected by slight accidental variations in the conditions which attend the explosion of one and the...
Página 594 - Although changes in the chemical composition of powder, and even changes in the mode of ignition, cause a very considerable change in the metamorphosis experienced in explosion, as evidenced by the proportions of the products, the quantity of heat generated, and the quantity of permanent gases produced, being materially altered, it is somewhat remarkable that the tension of the products in relation to the gravimetric density is not nearly so much affected as might be expected from the considerable...
Página 108 - The work so done is compared with that of exploding gunpowder, and the conclusion finally reached is that " the destructive energy of one cubic foot of water, at a temperature which produces the pressure of 60 Ibs. to the square inch, is equal to that of one pound of gunpowder.
Página 232 - The variations in the composition of the products of explosion furnished in close chambers by one and the same powder, under different conditions as regards pressure, and by two powders of similar composition under the same conditions as regards pressure, are so considerable, that no value whatever can be attached to any attempt to give a general chemical expression to the metamorphosis of a gunpowder of normal composition (p.
Página 201 - ... in the bores of guns were perfectly dry powder of normal composition suffered to expand, with or without production of work. The tensions are expressed in kilogrammes per square centimetre, tons per square inch, and atmospheres. The authors call attention to the great utility of a table (XI) showing the theoretic work which a charge of gunpowder is capable of effecting in expanding to any value, v. The table given by them exhibits the theoretic work for all necessary volumes of v, from v=1 to...
Página 352 - It only remains to me to thank you for the attention with which you have listened to a lecture which, from its technical nature, must necessarily be somewhat dry and uninteresting.