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BRONZE.

The

118. 80 Reis, 1832. PETRUS. II. D. G. CONST. IMP. ET. PERP. BRAS. DEF. Within a laurel wreath, 80; below, +1832 R+. Rev. IN. HOC. SIGNO. VINCES. arms of Brazil. Edge, central reeding. 40 mm. 119. 80 Reis, 1832. Similar to No. 118, but countermarked 40 over the 80.

120. 80 Reis, 1832.

on obverse.

As No. 118, but countermarked M | XX 41 mm.

121. 40 Reis, 1823. Legends and types similar to No. 118, but with value, 40, on obverse. 36 mm.

122. 40 Reis, 1824. Similar to No. 121, except date. 35 mm. 123. 40 Reis, 1824. As last, but countermarked 20 over

the 40.

124. 40 Reis, 1826.

125. 40 Reis, 1826.

126. 40 Reis, 1827.

over 40. 36

127. 40 Reis, 1829.

128. 40 Reis, 1830.

129. 40 Reis, 1828.

Similar to No. 121, except date.

As last, but countermarked 20 over 40.
Similar to No. 121, countermarked 20
mm.

Similar to No. 121, except date.
Similar to No. 121, except date.

(C).

118, but reading

obverse. 29 mm.

Legends and types similar to No. 1828 C beneath the wreath on

130. 40 Reis, 1828. As last, but countermarked 10 over the 40.

131. 40 Reis, 1827. (G). 118, but reading

obverse. 30 mm.

Legends and types similar to No. 1827 G beneath the wreath on

ET

132. 40 Reis, 1874. Obv. PETRUS II D.G.IMP. PERP. BRAS. DEF. Nude bust, bearded, to right; below, 1873 between a globe and a cross. Rev. Arms of Brazil, crowned; twenty stars round the globe; in field, 40 - Rs. Edge, plain. 30 mm. Struck at Brussels.

133. 40 Reis, 1875. Similar to No. 132, except date.

134. 20 Reis, 1868. Legends and types similar to No. 132, but reading 20 Rs on reverse. 25 mm.

135. 20 Reis, 1869.

Similar to No. 134, except date.

THE UNITED STATES OF BRAZIL, 1889.

136. Dois milreis, 1891.

SILVER.

Obv. REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRAZIL. Laureated head of liberty to left; below, 1891. Rev. ORDEM E PROGESSO. Between laurel and oak branches, on a field azure, the Southern Cross within a circle surrounded by 21 stars; above, a star; below, DOIS MILREIS. Edge, reeded. 37 mm.; 393.5 grs.

137. Dois milreis, 1906. Obv. Inscription as No. 136; bust of Liberty, with Phrygian cap, laureate, to left; below, ★ 1906. Rev. ORDEM E PROGRESSO; in the field, 2000 | REIS; below, ★ XX GRAMMAS ★. Edge, reeded. 33 mm.

138. Dois milreis, 1907. Similar to No. 137, except date.

139. Milreis, 1889. Obv. REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS DO BRAZIL. Draped bust of Liberty, with Phrygian cap, to left; below, 1889. Rev. ORDEM E PROGRESSO. On a field azure, the Southern Cross, within a circle, surrounded by 21 stars; below, 1000 REIS. Edge, reeded. 30 mm.

140. Milreis, 1906. Legends and types similar to No. 137, but reading 1000 | REIS in field on reverse; and below the arms, X GRAMMAS . Edge, reeded. 26 mm.

141. Milreis, 1907. Similar to No. 140, except date.

142. 500 Reis, 1889. Legends and types similar to No. 139, but reading 500 REIS on reverse. 25 mm.

on

143. 500 Reis, 1906. Legends and types similar to No. 137, but reading 500 | REIS, and V GRAMMAS reverse. 22 mm.

144. 500 Reis, 1907. Similar to No. 143, except date.

NICKEL.

145. 400 Reis, 1901. Obv. Draped bust of Liberty, with fillet inscribed LIBERT.; around 21 stars. Rev. REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRAZIL. The arms of Brazil; to left, an olive branch; beneath, MCMI; above, in field, 400 | REIS. Edge, plain. 30 mm.

146. 200 Reis, 1889. Obv. REPUBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRAZIL. On a field azure, the southern cross within a circle, surrounded by 21 stars; below, 1889. Rev. ORDEM E PROGRESSO. On a reticulated (sable) field, 200 | REIS; below, ★ 15 DE NOVEMBRO DE 1889. Edge, plain. 32 mm.

147. 200 Reis, 1900. Legends and types similar to No. 145, but reading 200 | REIS | in the field on reverse. 25 mm.

148. 100 Reis, 1889. Legends and types similar to No. 146, but reading 200 | REIS | on reverse.

27 mm.

149. 100 Reis, 1900. Legends and types similar to No. 145, but reading 100 | REIS | in the field on reverse.

BRONZE.

150. 40 Reis, 1889. Obv. Similar to No. 146. Rev. A ECONOMIA FAZ A PROSPERIDADE . Within a beaded circle, 40 | REIS. 30 mm.

151. 40 Reis, 1900. Similar to No. 150, except date. 152. 20 Reis, 1889. Obv. Inscription as on No. 146; arms of the Republic; below, 1889. Rev. VINTEM POUPADO, VINTEM GANHO. Within a beaded circle, on a field azure, 20 | REIS. Plain edge. 25 mm.

153. 20 Reis, 1904. Similar to No. 152, except date.

THE WEST INDIES.

HAYTI.

When the island of Hayti became independent of France in 1804, it fell into three warring communities with governments occupying the northwestern, the southwestern, and the eastern sections. In 1822 the entire island was united under the presidency of Jean Pierre Boyer; but in 1843 the territory was again divided into the present Republics of Hayti and Santo Domingo.

The coinage of the northern Republic, first issued in 1807, under the presidency of Henri Christophe, consisted of Escalins of 15 Sols and Half escalins, with a standing figure of Liberty and the inscription MONNOIE D'HAITI on the obverse, and on reverse a crowned shield bearing the initials HC of the President. In 1812 Christophe assumed the title of King, and as Henry I issued coins bearing his bust and the newly contrived arms of the Kingdom. Several patterns, especially of the silver Gourde, were made for this series (Pl. XV, 5).

The coinage of the mulatto Republic in the south of the island began in the Presidency of Alexander Petion (1807-1819) and consisted of 25, 12, and 6 Centime pieces. On the obverse of these coins is found a trophy of military arms, and on the reverse the date of independence as AN XI, but more often with Arabian numerals, within a serpent circle. In 1817 the portrait of Petion appeared on the coins, as later did also that of his successor Boyer, who by 1822 had become recognized as President of the whole island. For on the latter date San Domingo, which had been taken by the English in 1809 and later ceded to Spain, again secured independence and joined the Republic in the West.

The coins issued by this Republic of a united Hayti have on the reverse the consular fasces and the legend LIBERTÉ EGALITÉ. In 1843 the island was again split up into two Republics of Hayti and of San Domingo.

The Republic of Hayti.-This Republic was proclaimed an empire in 1849 by the President Faustin Soulouque, who with the title of Faustin I held sway until 1858, when the republican title of president was restored by Geffrard. Copper coins of the value of 6, 2, and 1 Centimes (No. 42) were struck by the titular Emperor Faustin and bear his portrait, as do also the coins issued in the presidency of Geffrard and Nord Alexis. A monetary law of 1880 provided for a coinage of gold and silver with a unit called a Gourde. No gold coins have been struck, but the silver Gourde, which is equivalent to the 5-franc piece of the Latin Union, and its divisions, were issued in 1881 (No. 49 ff.).

Santo Domingo.-The first coins issued by Santo Domingo were small Cuartillas bearing simply the name of the country on the one side and on the other the value, 1/4, and the date. The law of 1889 established a monetary system with a silver Dominicano as the unit. The silver coinage of 1891 was based on the standard of the Latin Union. In 1901 Santo Domingo adopted the gold standard of the United States.

THE NORTHERN REPUBLIC.

Henri Christophe, President, 1807–1814.

1-3. AR. Escalin, 1807. Obv. LIBERTAS RELIGIO MORES. A shield with H C (Henri Christophe) in monogram, within an olive wreath. Rev. MONNOIE D'HAYTI. Liberty, holding liberty

pole surmounted with cap in right hand and bundle of fasces in left, standing facing; at sides 15

19 mm.

4. AR. Escalin, 1808.

Similar to No. 1, except date.

SOLS.

5. AE. Centime, 1807. Obv. HENRI CHRISTOPHE PRESIDENT. Facing bust of Christophe with hat; below, 1807. Rev. LE GOUVERNMENT DE HAYTI. In the field, UNE | CENTIEME. 26 mm.

Henri Christophe, King, A. D. 1812–1820.

6. AE. Gourde, 1812. Pattern. Obv. HENRICUS DEI GRATIA HAITI REX. Laureated bust to right; below, ESSAY. Rev. DEUS CAUSA ATQUE GLADIUS MEUS. Within a broad band inscribed EX CINERIBUS NASCITUR★, a shield azure charged with a phoenix rising from flames; the whole crowned; below, 1812. 29 mm.

7. AR. Gourdin, year X (1813). Obv.

REPUBLIQUE

D'HAYTI. Within serpent circle, 25 c.; below, ★ an 10. Rev. A palm tree, surmounted by a liberty cap, in front of a trophy of military arms: two cannons, four muskets, four flags, all crossed. 22 mm.

8. AR. Gourdin, year XII (1815). Similar to No. 7, but dated ★AN 12.

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