"The American army assembled to the East of Chester along the Queen's Highway, and Washington, after despatching the letter [to Congress] went to the present Leiperville, where, still standing on the north of the road, is the old stone house, then the home of John McIlvain, in which the chief of the retreating army passed the night after the ill-starred battle of Brandywine."-Ashmead's History of Delaware County, p. 65.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.

On the march to Philadelphia: "September 12th.-This day the army marched to the Schuylkill, part crossing and marching to our old camp by Schuylkill Falls. The enemy lay still near the field of battle."-Pickering's Journal.

"September 13th.-The rest of the army crossed, and the whole collected at the old encampment, vast numbers of stragglers coming in."-Pickering's Journal.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.

At Schuylkill Falls: Orderly Book.-"The General, with peculiar satisfaction, thanks the gallant officers and soldiers who on the 11th inst. bravely fought in their country's cause. Although the events of that day, from some unfortunate circumstances, were not so favorable as could be wished, the General has the satisfaction of assuring the troops that from every account he has been able to obtain, the enemy's loss vastly exceeded ours."

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 14.

Leaves Schuylkill Falls: "September 14th.-The army having yesterday cleaned their arms, and received ammunition to complete forty rounds a man, this day marched up a few miles and recrossed the Schuylkill at Levering's Ford, the water being nearly up to the waist. We advanced about five or six miles that night."-Pickering's Journal.

Levering's Ford, on the Schuylkill, was at Green Lane, two miles above the Falls, but the crossing was really made at Matson's Ford, now Conshohocken, six miles farther up the stream.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.

At the Buck Tavern: "Three o'clock, P.M.-We are

moving up this Road [the old Lancaster road] to get between the Enemy and Swede's Ford, and to prevent them from turning our right flank."- Washington to the President of Congress.

The Buck Tavern, about nine miles northwest of Philadelphia, on the old Lancaster road, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, a well-known hostelry of its day, is still standing, but occupied as a private house. The army advanced the same day thirteen miles farther up the road to a point near the junction of the Swede's Ford road, northwest of the Warren Tavern, in Chester County, and encamped between that point and the White Horse Tavern, Washington making his head-quarters at the residence of Joseph Malin, about half a mile west of the Warren Tavern. The house is still standing.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.

Near the White Horse Tavern: "About nine in the morning we were informed that the enemy were advancing towards us. The troops got under arms, and the baggage was sent off. An advance party of the enemy attacked our picket, just posted (about three hundred strong), who shamefully fled at the first fire. About this time it began to rain. General Scott, with his brigade, was ordered to advance to attack this party of the enemy, or skirmish with another expected in our front. The rain increased."-Pickering's Journal.

The rain finally turned into such a violent storm that the arms became absolutely unfit for use, and orders were given to march to the Yellow Springs, a distance of five miles to the northward, where the troops arrived about ten o'clock at night. Washington himself is said to have passed the night at the Red Lion Tavern (now Lionville), about three miles from the Springs.

WEDNESDAY, SETEMBER 17.

At the Yellow Springs, Pennsylvania: "Yesterday the enemy moved from Concord, by the Edgemont road toward the Lancaster road, with evident design to gain our right flank. This obliged us to alter our position and march to this place, from whence we intend immediately to proceed

to Warwick. We suffered much from the severe weather yesterday and last night, being unavoidably separated from our tents and baggage."- Washington to the President of Congress.

Part of the army marched to Warwick Furnace, on French Creek, eight miles north of the Yellow Springs, and about nine miles from the Schuylkill River, on the 17th, where they were joined by the rest on the following day. Warwick Furnace was a depot for the manufacture and repair of guns, and casting of cannon, sixty of which, for the use of the Continental army, of twelve- and eighteen-pound calibre, were cast in 1776.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.

At Warwick Furnace: "The Army here is so much fatigued that it is impossible I should move them this afternoon."-Washington to General Wayne, MS. Letter.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.

At Parker's Ford: "I am now repassing the Schuylkill at Parker's Ford [Lawrenceville], with the main body of the army, which will be over in an hour or two, though it is deep and rapid. . . . As soon as the troops have crossed the river, I shall march them as expeditiously as possible towards Fatland, Swede's, and the other fords, where it is most probable the enemy will attempt to pass."- Washington to the President of Congress.

The army marched southward from Parker's Ford, on the east side of the river, by way of the Trappe (a village on the Reading road, twenty-five miles from Philadelphia), as far as Perkiomen Creek, where it encamped. "His Excellency General Washington was with the troops in person, who marched past here [the Trappe] to the Perkiomen. The procession lasted the whole night, and we had numerous visits from officers, wet breast high, who had to march in this condition during the whole night, cold and damp as it was, and to bear hunger and thirst at the same time."-Muhlenberg's Journal, September 19, 1777.

On the 21st, the enemy having moved rapidly up the road on the west side of the Schuylkill towards Reading, a depot of supplies, Washington marched the troops to within four miles of Pottsgrove (now Pottstown), eight miles above the Trappe. Here he remained until the 26th, when he moved to Pennybacker's Mills, on the Perkiomen, nine miles to the eastward.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.

At Pottsgrove: "The distressed situation of the army for want of blankets, and many necessary articles of cloathing, is truly deplorable; and must inevitably be destructive to it, unless a speedy remedy be applied."- Washington to Alexander Hamilton.

While the army lay near Pottsgrove (now Pottstown), Washington is said to have made his head-quarters at the "Potts Mansion," erected in 1753 by John Potts, the founder of the town. The house, a notable building of the day, is now occupied as a hotel.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.

At Pottsgrove: "The Enemy by a variety of perplexing manœuvres through a Country from which I could not derive the least intelligence (being to a man disaffected), contrived to pass the Schuylkill last night at the Fatland [half a mile below Valley Forge], and other fords in the neighborhood of it. They marched immediately towards Philadelphia, and I imagine their advanced parties will be near the City to-night. Messieurs Carroll, Chase, and Penn, who were some days with the army, can inform Congress in how deplorable a situation the Troops are, for want of that necessary article [shoes]. At least one thousand men are bare-footed, and have performed the marches in that condition."- Washington to the President of Congress.

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"September 26th, 1777.—At half past eight this morning Lord Cornwallis with the two Battalions of British Grenadiers and Hessian Grenadiers, two squadrons of Sixteenth dragoons and artillery with the Chief-Engineer, Commanding officer of Artillery, Quartermaster and Adjutant-General marched and took possession of the city of Philadelphia at 10 the same morning amidst the acclamation of some thousands of the inhabitants mostly women and children.”—Journal of Captain John Montresor, ChiefEngineer of the British Army, "Pennsylvania Magazine”,vi. 41.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.

At Pottsgrove: "To-day it rains. To-morrow morning, at nine o'clock we march and join McDougall. Pretty soon, I imagine, we shall proceed to attack the enemy, if

their post is practicable."-Colonel Pickering to John Pickering.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 26.

At Pottsgrove: "We shall move towards Philadelphia to-day, as the weather is fair and our reinforcements are at some distance below, ready to fall in with us."—John Laurens to Henry Laurens.

"We are now in motion, and advancing to form a junction with Genl. McDougall. I expect to be joined in a day or two by Genl. Foreman, with fourteen or fifteen hundred Jersey militia."-Washington to Elbridge Gerry, September 26.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27.

At Pennybacker's Mills: "You are hereby authorized to impress all the Blankets, Shoes, Stockings and other Articles of Clothing that can be spared by the Inhabitants of the County of Lancaster for the Use of the Continental Army, paying for the same at reasonable Rates or giving Certificates."- Washington to William Henry, Lancaster, MS. Letter.

Washington reached Pennybacker's (formerly Pauling's) Mills, now Schwenksville, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, on September 26, making his head-quarters at the house of Samuel Pennybacker, the owner of the mills. The house, a two-story stone building, is still standing.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.

At Pennybacker's Mills: Orderly Book.-"The Commander-in-Chief has the happiness again to congratulate the army on the success of the Americans to the Northward. On the 19th inst. an engagement took place [at Stillwater, New York] between General Burgoyne's army and the left wing of ours, under General Gates. The battle began at 10 o'clock, and lasted till night-our troops fighting with the greatest bravery, not giving an inch of ground. . . To celebrate this success the General orders that at 4 o'clock this afternoon all the troops be paraded and served with a