College in 1726, for the use of its presidents. The house of John Vassall, a fugitive royalist, known later as the Craigie house, and still later as the residence of Henry W. Longfellow, was made head-quarters about the middle of July. This house, which is still owned and occupied by the Longfellow family, Washington retained as his quarters until he left Cambridge for New York, April 4, 1776. TUESDAY, JULY 4. At Cambridge: Orderly Book.-"The Continental Congress, having now taken all the Troops of the several Colonies, which have been raised, or which may be hereafter raised for the support and defence of the Liberties of America; into their Pay and Service: They are now the Troops of the United Provinces of North America; and it is hoped that all Distinction of Colonies will be laid aside; so that one and the same spirit may animate the whole, and the only Contest be, who shall render, on this great and trying occasion, the most essential Service to the great and common. cause in which we are all engaged." The army in front of Boston at this time, composed of troops from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut, brought together after the battle of Concord and Lexington, was estimated to be about fourteen thousand five hundred effective men. Intrenchments had been thrown up on Winter and Prospect Hills, on the left, and at Roxbury on the right, with works at intermediate points. The college buildings and houses in Cambridge were also occupied by the troops. WEDNESDAY, JULY 5. At Roxbury: "Yesterday [July 5], as I was going to Cambridge, I met the generals [Washington and Lee], who begged me to return to Roxbury again, which I did. When they had viewed the works, they expressed the greatest pleasure and surprise at their situation and apparent utility, to say nothing of the plan, which did not escape their praise."-Henry Knox to Mrs. Knox, July 6. Henry Knox, who commenced his military career as a volunteer aid to General Ward at Bunker Hill, was at this time serving as an engineer. "The chief work constructed by him was the strong redoubt crowning the hill in Roxbury, known as Roxbury Fort, the site of which is now [1873] covered by the Cochituate Stand Pipe." He was commissioned colonel of the artillery regiment, 17 November, 1775; brigadier-general, 27 December, 1776, and major-general, 22 March, 1782, dating from 15 November, 1781. THURSDAY, JULY 6. At Cambridge: Visits all the American posts, and reconnoitres the enemy's works. "July 1775.-To the Expences of myself & party reconnoitr the Sea Coast East of Boston Harbor.. £18. 13. 2.”— Washington's Accounts. SUNDAY, JULY 9. At Cambridge: A council of war, in which it was unanimously determined to defend the posts as occupied, and that measures ought to be immediately taken to increase the army by recruits. "General Washington fills his place with vast ease and dignity, and dispenses happiness around him. General Lee will become very popular soon. I am obliged to go to Cambridge to wait on General Washington, and promised to be there by seven o'clock. I am now half past that time."Henry Knox to Mrs. Knox, July 9. MONDAY, JULY 10. At Cambridge: "Our enemies have attempted nothing against us since my arrival here. They are strongly posted on Bunker's Hill, and are still busy in throwing up additional works. We have thrown up several lines and redoubts between Mystic River and Dorchester Point, to prevent their making way into the country, and in a few days we shall be well prepared to receive them in case a sortie is attempted."- Washington to General Schuyler. "Our lines on Winter and Prospect Hills, and those of the enemy on Bunker's Hill are in full view of each other, a mile distant, our advance guards much nearer, and the sentries almost near enough to converse; at Roxbury and Boston Neck it is the same. Between these, we are obliged to guard several of the places at which the enemy may land."— Washington to Richard Henry Lee, July 10. * Life and Correspondence of Henry Knox. By Francis S. Drake, p. 18. THURSDAY, JULY 13. At Roxbury: "July 13th.-A heavy cannonade from the British, at the American workmen-but no damage done. Gen. Washington visited the camp."-Heath's Memoirs. FRIDAY, JULY 14. At Cambridge: Orderly Book." It is recommended both to Officers and Men to make themselves acquainted with the persons of all the Officers in General Command, and in the mean time, to prevent mistakes: The General Officers and their Aids-de-Camp will be distinguished in the following manner. "The Commander-in-Chief by a light blue Ribband, worn across his breast, between his Coat and Waistcoat. "The Majors and Brigadiers General by a Pink Ribband worn in the like manner. "The Aids-de-Camp by a green ribband." "His Excellency, General Washington, has arrived amongst us, universally admired. Joy was visible in every countenance, and it seemed as if the spirit of conquest breathed through the whole army. I hope we shall be taught, to copy his example, and to prefer the love of liberty, in this time of public danger to all the soft pleasures of domestic life, and support ourselves with manly fortitude amidst all the dangers and hardships that attend a state of war. And I doubt not, under the General's wise direction, we shall establish such excellent order and strictness of discipline as to invite victory to attend him wherever he goes."—General Greene to Samuel Ward, July 14. SATURDAY, JULY 15. At Cambridge: Present at the reading, by President Langdon of Harvard College, of the Declaration of Congress (July 6), setting forth the causes and necessity of the United Colonies taking up arms. "Yesterday morning [July 18], according to orders issued the day before by Major-General Putnam, all the continental troops under his immediate command assembled on Prospect Hill, when the declaration of the Continental Congress was read, after which, an animated and pathetic address to the army was made by the Rev. Mr. Leonard, chaplain to General Putnam's regiment, and succeeded by a pertinent prayer; when General Putnam gave the signal, and the whole army shouted their loud amen by three cheers; immediately upon which, a cannon was fired from the fort, and the standard lately sent to General Putnam was exhibited flourishing in the air, bearing on one side this motto-' An Appeal to Heaven!' and on the other side,Qui Transtulit Sustinet!' The whole was conducted with the utmost decency, good order, and regularity, and to the universal acceptance of all present. And the Philistines on Bunker's Hill heard the shout of the Israelites, and being very fearful, paraded themselves in battle array."— Essex Gazette. THURSDAY, JULY 20. At Cambridge: A day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer, recommended by Congress, June 12. "July 20, 1775.-I have been much gratified this day with a view of General Washington. His Excellency was on horseback in company with several military gentlemen. It was not difficult to distinguish him from all others; his personal appearance is truly noble and majestic; being tall and well proportioned. His dress is a blue coat with buff colored facings, a rich epaulette on each shoulder, buff under dress, and an elegant small sword; a black cockade in his hat."-Thacher's Military Journal. SATURDAY, JULY 22. At Cambridge: By general orders of this day, the army was distributed into three grand divisions. One, forming the right wing, was stationed on the heights of Roxbury; it was commanded by Major-General Ward. Another, forming the left wing, under Major-General Lee, was stationed on Winter and Prospect Hills; while the centre, under Major-General Putnam, was stationed at Cambridge. THURSDAY, JULY 27. At Cambridge: "The enemys force, including marines, Tories, &c are computed, from the best accounts I can get, at about twelve thousand men; ours, including sick absent &c., at about sixteen thousand; but then we have a semicircle of eight or nine miles to guard to every part of which we are obliged to be equally attentive; whilst they, situated as it were in the centre of the semicircle, can bend their whole force (having the entire command of the water), |