tices contrary to the discipline of the army'.

"A flag of truce from the fleet [British] appeared, on which Col. Reed' and myself went down to meet it, about half-way between Governor's and Staten Island. Lt. Browne of the Eagle offered a letter from L. Howe, directed "Geo. Washington, Esq." which, on account of its direction, we refused to receive, and parted with the usual compliments."

July 15. Col. Rodolphus Ritzema was acquitted, with honor. He had offended La Stirling by "disrespectful expressions." That officer forgave him.

July 16. Order written by Colonel Webb. "The hurry of business often preventing particular invitation being given to officers to dine with the General, he presents his compliments to the Brigadier, Field officers, and Brigade Major of the day, and requests while the camp continues in the city, they will favor him with their company to dinner, without any further or special invitation." These officers were appointed every morning. July 19. Webb and Reed met an aidde-camp of Gen. Howe, who came to ask a personal interview with Washington, respecting correspondence. Reed, in the Reed, in the name of the General, granted the request, and promised the personal security of the officer.

July 20. Webb and Reed met Lt. Col. Paterson of the British army at 12 M., took him into their charge, and escorted him to Knox's Head Quarters in the city, "where his excellency General Washington attended with his suite and Life Guards." After an hours interview, took him back. Did not blind-fold him when passing"the grand Battery." "Sociable and chatty all the way.' The same

1 Ritzema was a son, I think, of the Rev. Wm. Ritzema, of the Dutch Reformed Church. He commanded one of the four New York regiments, and fought gallantly at the battle of White Plains in the Autumn of 1776. Soon after that he deserted to the Royal army and at about, the same time, Col. Zedwitz, a Prussian, who commanded another of the New York regiments, was cashiered for attempting a treasonable correspondence with Tryon.

* Colonel Joseph Reed, of Washington's military family. 8 General William Howe, and his brother Admiral Richard

evening, an express brought the news of the American Victory at Charleston.' Ten large ships with Scotch troops arrived to reinforce the British on Staten Island.

July 25. Deserter received 20 lashes. Patrick Lyons, for drunkenness and sleeping on his post, 30 lashes. An order issued regretting the bad conduct of soldiers. "What a shame and reproach will it be if soldiers fighting to enslave us for 2d. or 3d. [2 pence or 3 pence] a day, should be more regular, watchful and sober than the men who are contending for everything that is dear and valuable in life."

After this the Journal ceases, and copies of daily orders are given only to Aug. 8, 1776.

Colonel Webb, the author of the Journal here cited was born in 1751, in the "Webb House" in Wethersfield, Connecticut, the residence of his father, Joseph Webb, made famous in history as the place where Washington and Rochambeau held their second personal conference in May, 1781. He joined the army at Cambridge as a volunteer a few days after the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord. There he was appointed aid to General Putnam and fought gallantly in the Battle of Bunker's Hill. of Bunker's Hill. He accompanied the army to New York after the evacuation of Boston and entered the military family of Washington late in June, 1776. He was wounded in the battle of White Plains in the Autumn, and in December, on the banks of the Delaware. Appointed Colonel in General Parson's Brigade, he accompanied that officer on an expedition

Howe, were appointed by Parliament commissioners to treat for peace with the Americans, with authority to extend a free pardon to all who should return to their allegiance. Patterson bore a letter from these commissioners, directed to "George Washington, Esq.," as before, as they could not recognise the military title of the "rebel" chief. Washington refused to receive any communications not addressed to General Washington. Patterson urged him not to be punctilious, as his errand was one of mercy and peace. understand" Washington said, in substance, that the commissioners are only empowered to grant pardon. Those who have committed no fault need no pardon; the Americans are only defending their rights as British subjects." Patterson returned with the unopened letter, and the Howes never again attempted to correspond with "George Washington, Esquire."

1 The victory of the defenders of Fort Sullivan, on Sullivan's Island, under Colonel Moultrie, against the naval attack by Admiral Parker.

to Long Island, when he was made prisoner, and was not exchanged until 1781, when Washington gave him the command of Light Infantry (whose leader, the Baron de Steuben, had just resigned), with the

rank of Brigadier. He married a daughter of Judge Hogeboom, and removed to Claverack, Columbia County, N. Y. where he died in 1807. He was loved and highly esteemed by Washington.

One of the chief causes of hostile feeling on the part of the Americans against the British government, during the thirty years that intervened between the close of the Revolution and the War of 1812, was the evidence presented, in various forms, of the agency of British officials in the country on our northern and western frontiers in exciting the Indian tribes to make war upon the American settlers, along those frontiers, in order to secure to British merchants the monopoly of the fur-trade in the northwest and make the Ohio river the northwestern boundary of American Territory, and civilization. Until the bargain made with Great Britain, known as Jay's Treaty, in 1794, the British, in violation of the Treaty of Peace in 1783, held on to and garrisoned the western forts in our territory, and were the inciters of the distressing Indian Wars which ended with the treaty of Greenville, in 1794. Detroit had been the headquarters of these British emissaries, and when compelled, by Jay's treaty, to give up that fort, they made their chief rendezvous, and that of Indian chiefs seduced by them, at Fort Malden, at Amherstburg, on the Canada side of the Detroit River, about eighteen miles below Detroit. From that point they sent out emissaries among the Indians, and incited Tecuintha, and his brother, "The Prophet," to attempt a confederation of all the savage tribes on our frontiers, to check the further spreading of settlements of white people in the vallies of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. History tells us of the efforts of those powerful Shawnoese chiefs to accomplish that end, and of their final failure at the battle of Tippencanoe, in 1811. Yet the efforts of the British to incite the Indians

to fall upon the frontier settlements with the rifle, tomahawk, scalping knife and faggot, did not cease until the close of the War of 1812-15. Such agency British statesmen and British writers, have denied, but the proofs that sustain the allegation are numerous. A correspondent furnishes the RECORD with some of these proofs, in the form of extracts of letters, given below:

From Captain DUNHAM1, United States Army. Michilimackinac May 24th, 1807. "There appears to be a very general and extensive movement among the savages in this quarter. Belts of wampum are rapidly circulating from one tribe to another, and a spirit is prevailing by no means pacific. The enclosed talk which has been industriously spread among them needs no comment.

"There is a certain mischief at the bottom, and there can be no doubt in my mind, that the object and intention of this great Manitou or second Adam, under the pretence of restoring to the aborigines their former independence, and to the savage character its ancient energies, is in reality to induce a general effort to rally and to strike somewhere a desperate blow."

"Extract from a talk delivered at Le Maiouitinong, entrance of lake Michigan, by the Indian chief Le Maigouis, or the Trout, May 4th, 1807.

"I am the father of the English, of the French, of the Spaniard and of the Indians. I created the first man, who was

1 Josiah Dunham, a native of New Hampshire, who was commissioned a captain in the 16th Infantry, in January, 1791; transferred to the Artillery and Engineers in February, 1807, and resigned on the 30th of April, 1808,-[EDITOR.]

the common father of all these people as well as yourselves, and it is through him, whom I have awakened from his long sleep, that I now address you. But the Americans I did not make! they are not my children, but the children of evil spirits. They grew from the scum of the great waters when it was troubled by the evil spirit, and the frost was driven into the woods by a strong east wind. They are numerous but I hate them. My children, you must not speak to the whites, of this talk; it must be hidden from them. I am now on the earth, sent by the great spirit to instruct you. Each village must send me two or more principal chiefs to represent you, that you may be taught. The bearer of this talk will point out to you the path to my wigwam. I could not come myself to Abre Crocte, because the world is changed from what it was. It is broken, and leans down, and as it declines, the Chippewas and all beyond will fall off and die; therefore you must come and to me, and be instructed. Those villages which do not listen to this talk and send me two deputies, will be cut off from the face of the earth."

Michilimackinaw, August 30th, 1807. "The cause of the hostile feelings, on the part of the Indians, and is principally to be attributed to the influence of foreigners [English and French Canadians] trading in the country."

From Governor WM. H. HARRISON1.

"Jeffersonville, Falls of Ohio,
14th April, 1808.

"A young man, from the Delaware towns, came to inform me that a Pottawattomie Indian had arrived at the towns, with a speech from the British, in which they were informed that they (the British) were upon the point of commencing hostilities against the United States, and requesting the Delawares to join them.'

1 Elected President of the United States, in the Autumn of 1840. He was a native of Virginia, entered the Army as an Ensign in 1734, at the age of 19 years; rose to Captain in 1797; resigned in 1798; was made Secretary of the Northwestern Territory in June of that year; elected to a seat in Congress, in 1799, and was appointed governor of the Territory of Indiana, in the year 1800, when he was twenty-seven years of age.-[EDITOR.]

and their game, that they must join and send them off from their lands. told the savages, that the Americans could not give them a blanket nor anything good for their families.

66

They said they had but one father, that helped them in their misfortunes, and that they would assemble, defend their

1 A native of Kentucky, who entered the Army as Lieutenant of Infantry, in 1792, and resigned in 1796. He reentered the army in 1804, and was the second to Merriwether Lewis, in his expedition over the Rocky Mountains. He resigned in 1807. He was governor of the Missouri Territory from 1813 to 1820, and Superintendent of Indian affairs, at St. Louis.-EDITOR.]

66

Detroit, June 16th, 1809. "The influence of the Prophet has been great, and his advice to the Indians injurious to them and the United States. The powerful influence of the British has been exerted in a way alluring to the savage character."

From Governor HARRISON.

"Vincennes, June 14th, 1810. "An Iowa Indian informs me, that two years ago this summer, an agent from the British arrived at the Prophet's town, and in his presence delivered the message with which he was charged; the substance of which was to urge the Prophet to unite as many tribes as he could against the United States, but not to commence hostilities until they gave the signal. From this man, and others of his nation, I learn that the Prophet has been constantly soli

1 William Hull, then sixty years of age, had been a lieutenant-colonel in the army of the Revolution, and Governor of the Michigan Territory, since 1805. Two months before the date of this letter, he had been commissioned brigadier-general. Two months later he surrendered the garrison at Detroit, and his army, to the British.-[EDITOR.]

The Prophet, so called, was a brother of Tecumtha. They were Shawnoese Indians, and were born at old Piqua, about five miles west of Springfield, Ohio. He was one of three sons, born of a Creek mother at the same time. To him was given the Shawnoese name signifying "the loud mouth." He was artful, and by a pretended revelation from the Great Spirit gained powerful influence over his people, and the name and fame of a prophet. The portrait here given is from a sketch made by Pierre Le Dru, a young French trader, at Vincennes, in 1808, printed in Lossing's "Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812," where a full account of all his operations and that of his warrior brother, may be found.

citing their own and other tribes of the Mississippi, to join him against the United States."

From Governor HARRISON.

"Vincennes, July 18th, 1810.

"A considerable number of Sacs went sometime since to see the British superintendant, and on the 1st inst, fifty more passed Chicago for the same destination.

"A Miami chief who has just returned from his annual visit to Malden, after having received the accustomed donation of goods, was thus addressed by the British Agent: My son keep your eyes fixed on me; My tomahawk is now up; be you ready, but do not strike until I give the signal."

From Gen. WM. CLARK.

"St. Louis, July 20th, 1810. "One hundred and fifty Sacs on a visit to the British Agent, by invitation, and a smaller party on a visit to Island of St. Joseph, in Lake Huron."

From Gov. W. H. HARRISON.

"Vincennes, July 25th, 1810. "There can be no doubt of the designs of the Prophet and British Agent of the Indian affairs, to do us injury. This agent is a refugee from the neighborhood of-, and his implacable hatred to his native country prompted him to take part with the Indians in the battle between them and Gen. Wayne's army. He has, ever since his appointment to the principal agency, used his utmost endeavours to excite hostilities, and the lavish manner in which he is allowed to scatter presents among them, shows that his government participates in his enmity, and authorized his measures."

From Gov. WM. HULL.

"Detroit, July 27th, 1810. "Large bodies of Indians from the westward and southward continue to visit the British post at Amherstburgh, and are supplied with provisions, arms, ammunition, &c. Much more attention is paid to them than usual."

Extract from the speech of RED JACKETT, (the famous, Seneca chief) in behalf

of himself and the other deputies of the Six Nations, Feb'y, 1810:

"Brother,—Since you have had some dispute with the British government, their Agents in Canada have not only endeavored to make the Indians at the westward your enemies, but they have sent a war belt amongst our warriors to poison their minds and make them break their faith with you. At the same time we had information that the British had circulated war belts among the western Indians, and within your territory."

From JOHN JOHNSON, Indian Agent.1

"Fort Wayne, August 7th, 1810. "Since writing you on the 25th ultimo, about one hundred men of the Saukies have returned from the British Agent, who supplied them liberally with everything they stood in want of. The party received forty-seven rifles, and a number of fusils, with plenty of powder and lead. This is sending firebrands into the Mississippi Country, inasmuch as it will draw numbers of our Indians to the British side, in the hope of being treated with the same liberality."

From Gov. W. H. HARRISON.

"Vincennes, Feb'y 6th, 1811. "If the intentions of the British government are pacific, the Indian department of Upper Canada have not been made acquainted with them, for they have very lately said everything to the Indians

who have visited them to excite them against us."

From JOHN JOHNSON.

"Fort Wayne, Feb'y 3d, 1811. * * * has been at this place. The information derived from him is the same as I have been in possession of for several years, to wit: The intrigues of the British Agents and partisans in creating an influence hostile to our people and government, within our territory."

1 Mentioned on page 415 of the RECORD.

At the junction of the St. Joseph and St. Mary rivers, which form the Maumee, and the site of the flourishing village of Fort Wayne, Indiana.

From Mr. IRWIN, Indian factor. "An assemblage of the Indians is to take place on a branch of the Illinois, by the influence of the Prophet, the result will be hostile in the event of a war with Great Britain."

From Gov. W. H. HARRISON.

"Vincennes, Sept. 17th, 1811.

* states that almost every Indian from the country above this had been, or were then gone to Malden, on a visit to the British Agent. We shall probably gain our destined point at the moment of their return. If then the British Agents are really endeavoring to instigate the Indians to make war upon us, we shall be in their neighborhood at the very moment when the impressions which have been made against us are most active in the minds of the Savages. **** succeeded in getting the chiefs together at Fort Wayne, though he found them all preparing to go to Malden. The result of the Council discovered that the whole tribes (including the Weas and Eel Rivers for they are all Miamies) were about equally divided in favor of the Prophet and the United States. Lapoassier, the Wea chief whom I before mentioned to you, as being seduced by the Prophet, was repeatedly asked by ****what land it was that he was determined to defend with his blood; whether it was that which was ceded by the late treaty or not, but he would give no answer.

* * * * reports that all the Indians of the Wabash have been or now are, on a visit to the British Agents, at Malden. He has never known one-fourth as many goods given to the Indians as they are now distributing. He examined the share of one man (not a chief) and found that he had received an elegant rifle, twentyfive pounds of powder, fifty pounds of lead, three blankets, three strouds of cloth,

He

ten shirts, and several other articles. says every Indian is furnished with a gun (either rifle or fusil) and an abundance of ammunition. A trader of this country was lately in the King's at Malden, and was told the quantity of goods for the