Unemployment, Restructuring, and the Labor Market in Eastern Europe and RussiaSimon Commander, Fabrizio Coricelli World Bank Publications, 1995 - 391 páginas World Bank Technical Paper No. 263. Management of water resources is essential for long-term, environmentally sustainable human and economic development. Increasingly, the World Bank and other international organizations are called upon to provide support in the formulation of water resources strategies. This volume serves as a guide for developing countries in creating their strategies by outlining a general process. It also suggests ways for countries to build capacity through the process of designing and implementing such strategies. The volume is divided into two parts. Part I covers the purpose and process of strategy formulation. The process consists of a water resource assessment and then the design and choice of options. Part II reviews such main concepts as institutional and human resources, stakeholder participation, information systems, economics, environment and health, and international issues. |
Términos y frases comunes
20 percent active labor market adjustment aggregate average wage bargaining behavior Boeri branches budget constraint Bulgaria Central and Eastern changes coefficient consumption wages Coricelli Czech and Slovak Czech Republic Czechoslovakia decline duration Eastern Europe economy effects employed employees enterprises exit rate factors Figure flows growth higher hiring Hungary hysteresis important income incomes policy increase indicate inflation inflow rate institutions January Labor Force Survey labor hoarding labor market policies labor offices layoffs ment minimum wage mismatch monthly months OECD OECD countries output percentage ployment Poland private firms private sector producer prices quarter ratio real wage reduced reform regional registered relative restructuring Romania Russia sector employment share shocks significant Slovak Republic Slovakia social Source Statistical structural subsidies Table tion transition turnover unem unemployment benefits unemployment rate vacancies VCIOM wage bill wage setting wages and employment workers World Bank
Pasajes populares
Página 233 - supported by a grant from the National Council for Soviet and East European Research.
Página 327 - Post Stabilization Inflation in Poland." In F. Coricelli and A. Revenga, eds., Wage Policy during the Transition to a Market Economy, Poland 1990-1991.
Página ix - The research on which this book is based has been generously supported by the World Bank's Research Committee and by the Economic Development Institute
Página 102 - banks to build up reserves. The official, unified exchange rate, established at the start of 1991, was set near the parallel market rate, and the differential between the two has remained quite small. Czechoslovakia's modest foreign debt increased from $8.1 billion at the end of 1990 to $9.4 billion by the end of 1991
Página 318 - both stronger private employment growth and a larger increase in nonparticipation. In Bulgaria the primary cause of high unemployment is the combination of large losses in state employment and a struggling private sector. And a large part of the employment decline has translated into nonparticipation. Were Bulgaria to have a ratio of
Página 306 - Poland, Romania, and Russia. Only Hungary, which had a far smaller increase in the price level, had little or no real wage decline. One would have expected these wage declines to come from binding wage ceilings, associated with incomplete indexation. Indeed, this is why such ceilings were put in place. But wages
Página 323 - it appears that private growth has been concentrated in the large cities and in border regions. Unemployment rates in cities are consistently and significantly below national averages across all our countries. A combination of more prior diversity in the state sector and market concentration for the emerging private sector
Página 299 - in Bulgaria. Even if we believe that official statistics overestimate the size of output loss, we are still left with large contractions, which have come on top of an earlier deceleration in growth. A closer look shows different time patterns across countries. In the three more advanced Central European countries, the largest decline in output happened in the
Página 103 - resulted in a significant shift in the terms of trade against Czechoslovakia. Official calculations point to a 26 percent worsening of Czechoslovakia's terms of trade in the first quarter, 28 percent in the second quarter, and a cumulative 22 percent decline in the first three quarters of 1991.
Página 315 - the Bulgarian experience, involves the overadjustment of the state sector early in the reforms. Large job destruction in the state sector was compounded by a large fiscal correction and fall in government spending. The recessionary effects swamped the potential for rapid growth in the private sector. A